Topic 2: Organisation of the organism

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The basic building block of all living organisms.

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.

Question 3

Cell wall

Answer 3

An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells.

Question 4

Chloroplast

Answer 4

An organelle in which photosynthesis occurs.

Question 5

Cilia

Answer 5

Hair-like structures found on ciliated cells that waft substances across the surface of tissue in one direction.

Question 6

Ciliated cell

Answer 6

ciliated cells are found lining the trachea. They have hair-like projections called cilia which move together to transport mucus, dust and bacteria upwards to the throat.

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

A thick solution of salts, water and proteins within the cell. It contains the cell’s organelles.

Question 8

Egg cell

Answer 8

Egg cells have nutrients in their cytoplasm which help the growth of the embryo. After fertilisation, the cell membrane changes to prevent any more sperm from penetrating the egg.

Question 9

Root Hair cell

Answer 9

are adapted to have a large surface area. This speeds up the rate of osmosis and mineral ion uptake in plants.

Question 10

Palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 10

this is where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

An organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration.

Question 12

Nerve cells

Answer 12

Specialised cells responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord.

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

An organelle found in most plant and animal cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.

Question 13

Organ

Answer 13

A group of specialised tissues working together to carry out a specific function.

Question 14

Organelle

Answer 14

A specialised structure found inside a cell.

Question 15

Organ system

Answer 15

A group of specialised organs working together to carry out a specific function.

Question 16

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 16

no nucleus.

Question 17

Red blood cell

Answer 17

ed blood cells contain haemoglobin which allows them to carry oxygen around the body. They have a biconcave shape which increases their surface area, allowing for rapid diffusion. They also have thin cell membranes to decrease the diffusion distance. They do not contain a nucleus, thus have more space for oxygen.

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Organelles that are the site for protein synthesis.

Question 19

Root hair cells

Answer 19

Specialised cells responsible for the uptake of water and minerals from the soil.

Question 20

Sperm cel

Answer 20

A specialised male sex cell involved in reproduction. It consists of a head containing the acrosome and haploid nucleus, a midpiece containing many mitochondria and a tail.

Question 21

Tissue

Answer 21

A group of specialised cells working together to carry out a specific function.

Question 22

Vacuole

Answer 22

supports plant cells

Question 23

Xylem vessel

Answer 23

A transport tissue in plants that is specialised to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the leaves.

Question 24

Actual Size =

Answer 24

image size/ magnification