Topic 1: Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards
Movement
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.
Respiration
the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism
Sensitivity
the ability to detect or react and make a reponse
Growth
a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
Reproduction
the processes that make more of the same kind of organism.
Excretion
the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolim and substances in excess of requirments
Nutrition
the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development.
Organism
a system or organization consisting of interdependent parts, compared to a living being.
Species
To reproduce to produce fertile offsrpings
Binomial system
The biological system of naming the organisms in which the name is composed of two terms, where, the first term indicates the genus and the second term indicates the species of the organism.
Vertebrate
Living organisms with backbones.
Invertebrate
Living organisms without backbones.
mammals
They have four limbs and are characterised by the presence of hair or fur, and mammary glands.
birds
a group of warm-blooded vertebrates feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
reptiles
any member of the class Reptilia, the group of air-breathing vertebrates that have internal fertilization, amniotic development, and epidermal scales covering part or all of their body.
amphibians
any organism that is able to live both on land and in water.
fish
They have a smooth-streamlined shape with fins for movement and are covered in overlapping scales. Fish have gills for breathing
Myriapods
Body consists of many segments each segment contains 1 pair of joint legs and 1 pair of anntane.
insects
3 part body and 3 pairs of jointed legs 2 pair of wings and one pair of anntane.
arachnids
2 part of the body , 4 pairs of jointed legs and no anntane
crustaceans
More than 4 pairs of jointed legs and 2 pairs of anntane.
Animal
A biological kingdom consisting of multicellular organisms that do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts.
Plant
ferns and flowering plants. Do not produce flowers/seeds. They are plants with roots, stems and feathery leaves. Reproduce by spores.
Fungus
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi. The organisms found in Kingdom fungi contain a cell wall
Prokaryote
A prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus.
Protoctist
any unicellular or simple multicellular organism\
cytoplasm
the cytoplasm is a solvent in which chemical reactions take place. Enzymes are found in the cytoplasm.
cell membrane
A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.
DNA
the chemical that makes up the genetic material of humans.
Ribosomes
protein that converts genetic code into chains of amino acids.”
ferns
Ferns are a simple type of a plant which contains leaves, an underground stem, and roots of its own. The leaves of a fern are called fronds. Ferns do not produce flowers as they are non-flowering plants.
flowering plants
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
Seeds are produced inside the ovary found at the base of the flower
Can be divided into two groups – monocotyledons and dicotyledons
dicotyledons
- 2 cotyledons
- multiples 4 or 5 petals
- reticulated leaf veins
Reticulated = form a web-like network throughout the leaf - have broader leaves that come in a wide range of shape
monocotleydon
- 1 cotyledon
- multiples of 3 petals
- -parallel leaf veins
- Narrow leaves.
Virus
Viruses are non-cellular, microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside a host cell.
Dichotomous key
a scientific tool used to identify and categorize different organisms or objects based on a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name or classification.
What are classification used for
group different species by their bionimnal name which is theior genus and species ex( homo sapians)
what are the five classification kingdoms
Animals
PLants
Prokarytes
Protocista
Fungus
How do we classify living organisms
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
CLass
Order
Family
Genus
Species