Topic 2 - Organisation

Question 1

Give three examples of tissues

Answer 1

Muscular, Glandular and Epithelial

Question 2

What is a catalyst

Answer 2

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up

Question 3

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 3

The unique shape that fits the substance in a reaction

Question 4

How do you calculate the rate of reaction?

Answer 4

Rate = 1000/time

Question 5

What is the blood made up of? Explain each substance

Answer 5

Plasma - yellow fluid, transports everything
Red blood cells - Carry oxygen, large SA, hemoglobin
White blood cells - immune system
Platelets - fragments of cells, form blood clots

Question 6

Explain the functions of the ventricles, pacemaker, coronary arteries and valves in the heart

Answer 6

Right ventricle - pumps blood to lungs
Left ventricle - pumps blood to body
Valves - prevent blood from flowing in wrong direction
Pacemaker - controls resting heart rate
Coronary arteries - Carry oxygenated blood

Question 7

Explain the difference between benign and malignant tumors

Answer 7

Benign - Contained in one area - not cancer

Malignant - Spread throughout body - form secondary tumors

Question 8

Explain transpiration and what affects it

Answer 8

The action of water being lost from the plant then being taken in from the roots and back up the stem. It is affected by humidity, air movement, light intensity and temperature

Question 9

Explain what the xylem and phloem are

Answer 9

Xylem - transport water + mineral ions from root to stem. Tubes strengthened by lignin.
Phloem - transport sugars from leaves to plant. Cell sap moves though cells through pores in walls.

Question 10

Explain what palisade cells, guard cells, stomata and waxy cuticles are.

Answer 10

Palisade - Chloroplasts, maximize photosynthesis
Guard + stomata - open and close to control water loss.
Waxy cuticle - Reduces water loss

Question 11

Explain how faulty heart valves and Coronary Heart Disease can be treated

Answer 11

Valves - don’t open properly, flow in wrong direction, mechanical valve can be inserted.
CHD - Fatty substance in arteries, blocks blood, stents to open artery

Question 12

Explain the test for sugars and lipids

Answer 12

Test for sugars - Benedict’s test. add food sample to test tube with benedicts solution, put in 75degree water. It will go green, yellow or red depending on how much sugar
Lipids - Sudan III test - Add sudan III to food and shake. two layers will form - top will be red

Question 13

Explain the tests for Starch and Proteins

Answer 13

Starch - Iodine. Add iodine to food sample and shake. Go to black if there is starch
Proteins - Biuret test. Shake biuret solution and food sample. It will go from blue to pink or purple

Question 14

Explain carbohydrases, proteases and lipases. Give and example of each and where they are made

Answer 14

Carbohydrases - Convert carbohydrates into sugars. e.g amylase (breaks down starch) made from salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
Protease - Proteins into amino acids. e.g. proteases are made in stomach, pancreas and small intestine
Lipases - lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. Made in pancreas and small intestine

Question 15

Explain what bile is and where it is produced

Answer 15

Bile neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats. Made in gall bladder

Question 16

How do you calculate breathing rate?

Answer 16

breaths per minute - number of breaths/minutes

Question 17

Explain the differences between arteries, capillaries and veins

Answer 17

Capillaries = thin wall, small lumen
Veins = large lumen, thin walls, low pressure blood
Arteries = small lumen, thick walls, high pressure blood