Topic 2: Organisation Flashcards
What are cells?
Fundamental units that make up all living organisms.
What are tissues?
Groups of similar cells that act together to perform a similar function.
Name 4 Examples of tissues.
Epithelial tissue (animals and plants)
Muscular tissue (animals)
Mesophyll (plants)
Epidermal tissue (animals and plants)
What does the Epithelial tissue do?
It lines the outer surface of organs and blood vessels.
What does the muscular tissue in animals do?
Contracts to bring about force and motion
What does Mesophyll in plants do?
Photosynthesis
What is the epidermal tissue in animals and plants?
In animals: Skin
In Plants: waxy covering
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
What are Organs?
Groups of distinct tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
What 3 types of tissues does the stomach contain?
Muscular tissue
Glandular tissue
Epithelial tissue
What does the muscular tissue do in the stomach?
Move e contents of the stomach around during digestion.
What does Glandular tissue do in the stomach?
Produces digestive juices that break down the stomach’s contents.
What does the Epithelial tissue in the stomach do?
Epithelial tissue lines the stomach
True or False: Eyes are not an organ
FALSE, Eyes are an organ
What does the liver produce?
Bile
What does the small intestine do in the human body?
Digests food and absorbs soluble food molecules.
What does the large intestine do in the human body?
Absorbs water molecules from the remaining undigested food, allowing faeces to be produced.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to perform a particular role.
What 4 organs are in the digestive system.
Small intestine, large intestine, liver and stomach.
Name the steps of the digestive system.
- Glands, which produce digestive enzymes
- Stomach, which digests food
- Liver, which produces bile
- Small intestine, which digests food and absorbs soluble food molecules
- Large intestine, which absorbs water molecules from the remaining undigested food, allying faeces to be produced.
What are organisms?
The highest level of organisation in a multicellular organism, consisting of many organ systems
What is the more complex level of organisation: tissue or cell?
Tissue
What do enzymes do?
Increase the speed of reactions
What are enzymes often called?
Biological catalysts.
In a lock and key situation, which is the active site and which is the substrate?
The active site is a lock and the substrate is like the key, it will only work if it fits in the active site.
What is an enzyme?
A protein that increases the rate of a reaction.
What does it mean if an enzyme in denatured?
It’s structure is altered and it can’t be a catalyst no more.
Name 2 factors affecting the rate of enzyme action.
Temperature
pH
What happens when an enzyme reaches their optimum temperature?
The activity will begin to decrease.
What does increasing the temperature initially do to an enzyme?
Increases the reacting activity.
What happens to an enzyme last a certain temperature?
The enzyme becomes denatured as the active site (lock) changes shape.
What happens if the pH is away from the optimum pH of the enzyme?
Activity will decrease and could even denature the enzyme.
How do you calculate rate of reaction?
Change in mass / Change in time
On a rate of reaction graph, if on the y axis there is a steep curve, what does it mean?
That the rate of reaction is fast.
