Organisation In Animals Flashcards
What do Veins do?
Carry blood to the Heart.
What do Arteries do?
Carry blood away from the Heart.
What do capillaries do?
Exchange materials.
What is Plasma?
Liquid on the blood which transports substances like enzymes and hormones around the body by the blood.
What are Platelets?
Cell fragments that contain Protein.
What can Platelets do?
Repair damaged blood vessels and clot the blood.
The 4 main blood vessels in the Heart.
Aorta.
Pulmonary Vein.
Pulmonary Artery.
Vena Cava.
What sort of circulatory system is the cardiac cycle?
The cardiac cycle is a Double Circulatory System.
1st: Heart -> Lungs.
2nd: Heart -> Body.
What is CHD
Coronary Heart Disease. Fatty layers block the Coronary Artery.
What do stents do?
Stents are a mesh tube which expands in the Coronary Artery to help blood flow.
What do Coronary Arteries do?
Take oxygenated blood to the Heart.
What is LDL?
Low Density Lipoprotein which is a type of Cholesterol which is bad.
Where does oxygen go (steps)
Nasal Cavity, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli.
What percentage of gases are in the alveoli?
79% Nitrogen.
21% Oxygen.
0.03% Carbon Dioxide.
Where does CO2 diffuse?
The Alveolus.
Why is the same as breathing?
Ventilation.
4 Adaptations of the Alveoli.
Millions in both lungs
Extended capillaries network (70%)
1 cell thick walls
Thin film of moisture for gases.
What does the extended capillaries in the Alveoli mean?
An increase in surface area.
1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of Statins.
+ Easier than transplants.
- Consistent usage of the medication.
What happens to the Thoriac volume and pressure during inhalation?
Volume increases.
Pressure decreases.
1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of Artificial Hearts.
An advantage is that it is less likely to be rejected.
A disadvantage is that immune-suppressive treatment has to be continued after, making the person vulnerable to severe illness from common illnesses.
What are Stem Cells?
Undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into different types of specialised cells.
The_______ _________provide oxygen to the cardiac muscle.
Coronary Arteries.
Cardiovascular diseases are [][]
Non-communicable.
What happens if there is a faulty Heart Valve?
The blood flows in the wrong direction.
What can faulty heart valves be replaced with?
Mechanical or biological valves.
What are artificial hearts used for?
keep patients alive while waiting for a transplant.
What are benign tumors?
non-cancerous tumors.
What are malignant tumors?
cancerous tumors.
What are communicable diseases?
A disease that can be spread from person to person.
What are non-communicable diseases?
Diseases that cannot be spread from person to person.
