Topic 2 - Monogastric Feeding Programs - Swine Flashcards
Energy and Nutrition Concepts
Requirements of pigs are calculated per day (g/day)
Using feed intake, requirements are expressed as % of the ration
Energy concentration will affect feed intake, i.e more energy results in lower intake
Nutrients (%) are adjusted based on ME, metabolizable energy content
Nutrients of Concern in a Swine Diet
Na and CL
- salt is used to provide Na and CL
-typical inclusion
—-pre-starter/nursery- (a lot of salt comes from whey products
—-Sows
—-Grower-Finisher
Vitamins and Micro-Minerals
- added as premises
- available for all phases of pig production
-added vitamins and minerals vs total
Objectives of a Nursery Feeding Program
Get the pigs to start eating feed
-provide a smooth transition from liquid to dry based diet
-match nutrient requirements of the weanling pig
-maximize feed intake to take advantage of this period of most efficient gain (while still consuming a relatively small amount of feed)
Dietary needs of an Early Weaned Pig
High nutrient density
High-quality ingredients
-Highly digestible
-Very palatable
Diets are usually pelleted
-ingredients are temperature sensitive (specialty proteins), so pellet at lower temp than for other feed types
Specialty Protein Sources for Swine
Spray Dried Procine Plasma
Fish Meal
Soy Protein Isolates
Milk Proteins
Blood Meal
Soybean Meal
Synthetics (amino acids, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp)
Milk Products for Swine
Spray Dried Whey
Whey Permeate
Lactose (pure)
Fat Sources and Feed Additives for Swine
Choice White Grease
Other Quality Fat Source (soy or other plant-based oil)
Feed Additives:
Flavors- based on sow milk
Direct-Fed Microbials (Lactobacillus, yeast)
Acidifiers (citric acid, etc)
- how citric acid increase intake?
What ingredients would a feed mill stock for swine nursery diets?
Select all that apply: Corn, Wheat Middlings, Spray Dried Plasma, Spray Dried Whey
Corn, Spray Dried Plasma, Spray Dried Whey
Sow Diet
Gestation: (114 days, 4mo, 3,3,3 rule) ad. libitum
-meets min. requirements and keeps sow comfortable
Usually corn-soy diet with wheat middlings or soy hulls offered for fiber
Typically very few synthetic amino acids offered
Lactation: (2-3 weeks) ad. libitum
-sow requirements increase, need high energy content and amino acids
-limit use of byproduct
TOTAL SOW FEED INTAKE/YEAR = 2,000 lbs/year
Grower-Finisher Swine
Simpler diets, typically corn and soy based
byproducts offered, in increasing amounts for heavier weights
synthetic amino acids offered, mostly lysine, and some methionine, and sometimes Thr
Medications and other additives may be included
Goal is feeding pigs to meet:
- Maintenance
- Tissue growth requirements
-Growth= lean + fat + bone
-Lean+ protein + water + fat
as body weight and feed intake increase, amino acids requirements decrease
As feed intake increases less amino acids are needed in the diet
Feed to match requirements
-feed barrows (castrated males) and gilts (females) separate
-feed in phases
Total feed intake for grower-finisher = 600 lbs/pig
Takes approx. 110-120 days to get a pig from 50-250 lbs
Summary
Nutrition is what drives feed manufacturing
Important to have defined feeding programs
-most decisions are best made when informed and prepared
Feed formulation is fluid
Species and stage variations
- range of requirements (ex. poultry vs. swine)
This is why integrated systems exist because they can focus on one species versus commercial producers that have to feed many species and stages
Summary
Nutrition is what drives feed manufacturing
Important to have defined feeding programs
-most decisions are best made when informed and prepared
Feed formulation is fluid
Species and stage variations
- range of requirements (ex. poultry vs. swine)
This is why integrated systems exist because they can focus on one species versus commercial producers that have to feed many species and stages
