Topic 1 Flashcards
History of the Formula Feed Industry
What allowed the first opportunity for the formula feed industry to be of service?
The great demand for horse and mule feed
- as people traveled across the country, people determined that what their animals ate affected their performance.
In the late 1800s, livery stables were almost as common as service stations are today!
History of the Feed Industry
Describe why consumers became more interested in buying commercially made food
Once it was known there was a target for what animals should consume, customers became more interested in buying food that met those specifications
History of the Feed Industry
Who, in 1810 developed the 1st feed standard?
Thaer
History of the Feed Industry
What/who developed the proximate analysis system (moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash)?
We use this to determine the basic nutritional components of the diet
Weende Experiment Station
History of the Feed Industry
Who, in 1864 published the first feeding standard based on digestible nutrients?
Wolff
History of the Feed Industry
Who, in the late 19th century developed a feeding standard that was used for 50 years?
Henry and Morrison
History of the Feed Industry
What organization, in 1944 developed feed standards for different species?
These standards are still used and are the basis for nutritional decision making today
National Research Council (NRC)
History of the Formula Feed Industry
What influenced the need for an animal food industry? (hint: think leftovers)
The growth of industrial processing for human foods. The feed industry was spawned from the necessity to dispose of these human food by-products.
However, chemical analysis of these “waste” by-products confirmed basic nutritional value (that could be fed to animals)
These pressures of the supply and demand chain created the formula feed industry we now recognize today.
Backstory:
The original milling operations were those that ground corn and wheat for human consumption and located along rivers (using waterpower to create the energy needed for milling)
As the industries of wheat/corn milling, meat packing, milk processing, and oilseed processing grew, waste materials that were dumped in rivers and streams were stopped by governmental laws!
History of Ingredients
Without the influx of byproducts, the animal feed industry would likely not have developed into the industry we see today…
Influential By-Products
Molasses, 1850
First used in Europe in the 1850’s
Made from sugarcane or beet production
History of Ingredients
Influential By-Products
Meat Scraps, 1890
From the packing industry, first dried and used as fertilizer until research showed that they were a good source of protein and could be fed to animals.
History of Ingredients
Influential By-Products
Brewers by-products, 1900
By-products from the brewing distilling industries began use in 1900
History of Ingredients
Influential By-Products
Soybean Meal, 1922
First produced in the US in 1922, and it has played a KEY ROLE in developments within the animal feed industry
Introduction of as a high energy, low fiber diets for broilers and layers led to the production of hihg-protein soybean meals in the 1950’s
Now, soybean meal is considered a key ingredient for most feed mills rather than a by-product.
Similar energy demands, led to the use of rendered animal fat
History of Ingredients
Influential By-Products
Rendered Animal Fats, 1954
Synthetic Amino Acids, late 1970’s (1977)
Ethanol DDGS (Distiller Grains), 1980
-significant feed ingredient in the past 20 years as ethanol production has increased to meet consumer demand for alternative energy sources
There are still byproducts that come out today and slowly make their way into the feed industry, but these mentioned in class are historically the biggest
Top Global Feed Producers
USA
China
Brazil, India
Top Global Produced Feed by Species
- Poultry (Broilers, Layers)
- Swine
- Ruminant (Dairy and Beef)
- Aqua
- Pet Feed
US Food Production by Species
- Poultry (Chickens and Turkeys)
- Swine
Ruminants (meat and dairy) combined are bigger than globally
Chicken is KING around the world, why?
Chickens have smaller space requirements than swine and ruminants
Globally acceptable meat for various cultures
Estimated Feed Production Across
Which region of the US produces the largest volume of feed?
West, Midwest, or Northeast
MOST, MIDWEST Corn Belt - IA, MO, IN, IL, OH)
Appalachian state, SE states, and some Delta states (AR,MS,LA) the total feed volume would beat out the midwest and is driven by broilers
North Carolina By the Numbers
4 state in the nation, but the most diverse in species that feed is produced for
How Feed Mills are distributed across the country by species
Broilers- SE , appalachians
Layers- good distribution
Turkeys- Concentrated in a few distinct spots
Swine- most concentrated, Western OK, Iowa, Illinois, eastern NC
Beef Cow- widespread W of the Mississippi River
Dairy Cow- highly concentration in agricultural regions of Wisconsin, western borders of New England States
West, South (beef)
NE, N plains, West Coast (Dairy)
Midwest (Swine)
Southeast (poultry)
The highest percentage of Feed in the US is manufactured for which animal?
POULTRY
then, Swine, Ruminants (for meat and dairy combined)
Feed Management Responsibilities
Requires current knowledge of feed market
Grain and Feed ingredient markets
New Technologies
New governmental regulations
Feed Mill Resources
Feed Mill Training and Education
AFIA- American Feed Industry Assn.
NGFA- National Grain and Feed Association
Kansas State University
North Carolina State University
Learning Outcome
Describe how the formula feed industry began in the US
-began from the need to get rid of by-products from human food production
Describe the objectives and general structure of the modern feed industry…
- Commercial
- Integrated (Poultry feed, broiler, broiler-breeder, turkey feed), applies to great majority of the swine industry as well
meat, milk, eggs
ownership of processes from start to finish are owned by the same person (the exception being where the animals are raised)
complete feeds that the animal needs for its particular stage of growth
ex. hog feed
making starting, growing, finisher, and withdrawal feed (if a medication was used)
Summarize current industry statistics
NO custom diets, premises
The benefit of this is that it simplifies the diet, ex. only concerned with the feeding of one species
Stressor: if something metabolically or nutritionally is going wrong, its entirely the feed producer’s fault to worry about
- Which countries lead the world?
USA
China
Brazil/India - where are species generally distributed across the nation?
West, South = Beef
NE,N Plains, West Coast = Dairy
Midwest = Swine
SE= Poultry
Top Species Ranking GLOBALLY:
- Poultry (Broilers, Layers)
- Swine
- Ruminant (Dairy and Beef)
- Aqua
- Pet Feed
Top Species Ranking NATIONALLY:
- Poultry (Chickens and Turkeys)
- Swine
Ruminants (meat and dairy) combined are bigger than globally.
Order of ingredient entry into the feed Industry
Molasses- 1850
Meat by-products
soybean meal (high protein, low fat feed for broilers)
Animal Fats
Amino Acids
DDG (ethanol), distiller grains
