Topic 2 - ELISA test Flashcards
1
Q
What is ELISA?
A
- ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a laboratory technique used to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a sample.
- ELISA tests are commonly used in medial diagnostics, such as detecting infections, allergies, or autoimmune diseases.
2
Q
What are monoclonal antibodies?
A
- identical antibodies produced by a single clone of plasma cells, each targeting a specific antigen
- they are utilised in the ELISA test from their high specificity and ability to bind to particular antigens or antibodies
3
Q
What is a direct ELISA test?
A
- Test employs a single antibody that directly binds to the target antigen in the sample facilitating detection
- they are used to detect antigens such as viral protein or bacterial toxins in clinical experiments
4
Q
What is indirect ELISA test?
A
- indirect ELISA tests utilised two different antibodies - primary antibody specific to target antigen and a secondary antibody conjugate with an enzyme
- they are commonly employed to detect antibodies against infectious agents, allergens, or autantigens in patient
5
Q
What are HIV-specific antibodies?
A
- antibodies produced by the immune system in response to HIV infection, detected in the indirect ELISA tests
- used in screening blood donations and diagnosing HIV infection in individuals
6
Q
What is a false-positive test results?
A
- occur when a test incorrectly indicates the presence of the target molecule in the absence of its actual presence
- proper washing steps in indirect ELISA tests help eliminate unbound secondary antibodies, reducing the risk of false-positive results.
7
Q
What are the diagnostic applications of the ELISA test?
A
- ELISA tests are widely utilised in medical diagnostics for detecting infections, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer biomarkers.
- ELISA tests for detecting hepatitis B surface antigen aid in diagnosing hepatitis B virus infection and guiding patient management
