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gcse triple science physics > Topic 2: Electricity > Flashcards

Topic 2: Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the voltage in a series circuit?

A

shared amongst components
V(total) = V(1) + V(2) + V(3)

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2
Q

what is the current in a series circuit?

A

the current is constant in all parts
I(1) = I(2) = I(3)

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3
Q

what is the resistance in a series circuit?

A

the resistance is the sum of the individual resistances of components
R(total) = R(1) + R(2) + R(3)

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4
Q

what is the voltage in parallel circuits?

A

all components get the full voltage
V(total) = V(1) + V(2) + V(3)

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5
Q

what is the current in a parallel circuit?

A

the current is split between branches based on resistance
I(total) = I(1) + I(2) + I(3)

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6
Q

what is the resistance in parallel circuits?

A

reciprocal of total resistance is the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances

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7
Q

how to investigate the current in resistor at constant temperature varied with the potential difference across the resistor

A
  • measure the current using an ammeter
  • measure the potential difference using a voltmeter
  • vary the resistance of the variable resistor
  • record a range of values of current and potential difference
  • ensure the current is low to avoid temperature increase
  • reverse connect of R to power supply
  • repeat measurements of I and V in negative direction
  • plot a graph of current against potential difference
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8
Q

in light dependant resistors (LDR) describe the resistance when it is light and dark

A
  • when it is dark - resistance is high
  • when it is light - resistance is low
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9
Q

describe what happens in light dependant resistors (LDR) in a circuit when it is dark

A
  • when it’s dark
  • high resistance
  • low current (stops the current from flowing in)
  • so a high potential difference is needed to push the current through
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10
Q

describe what happens in light dependant resistors (LDR) in a circuit when it is light

A
  • when it is light
  • low resistance
  • high current
  • low potential difference
  • light bulb will turn off
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11
Q

what is a thermistor dependant on?

A

temperature - so would be connected to a fan or a boiler

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12
Q

describe the resistance when it is cold and when it hot in a thermistor

A
  • when it is cold you will get high resistance
  • when it is hot you will get low resistance
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13
Q

describe what happens in a thermistor in a circuit when it is cold

A
  • when it is cold
  • high resistance
  • low current
  • high potential difference
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14
Q

describe what happens in a thermistor in a circuit when it is hot

A
  • low resistance
  • high current
  • low potential difference
  • will cause the fan to turn on
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15
Q

describe the current in a series circuit and a parallel circuit

A

series - current is the same everywhere

parallel - current is shared between components

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16
Q

describe the potential difference in a series circuit and a parallel circuit

A

series - potential difference is shared between components

parallel - potential difference is the same everywhere

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17
Q

describe the resistance in a series circuit and a parallel circuit

A

series - total resistance = R1 + R2
(adds up)

parallel - resistance is lower than the lowest resistance

18
Q

what’s an insulator?

A

does not allow electrical charge to flow - plastics/ rubber

19
Q

what is a conductor?

A

allow the flow of charge through the material - metals - delocalised electrons

20
Q

how to build static charge?

A
  • two insulating materials
  • rub the two insulating materials against each other
  • this will cause a transfer of electrons
  • if the potential difference is large enough - you will get a spark - flow of electrons
21
Q

positive electric field

A
  • it points outwards
22
Q

negative electric field

A
  • points inwards
23
Q

what is the national grid made up of?

A

step-up transformer
cables/ pylon
step-down transformer

24
Q

what does the step-up transformer do?

A
  • increases pd
  • decreased current
  • less resistance
  • reduces energy lost as heat
25
Q

what do the cables/ pylons do?

A

carry electrical charge and distribute electricity across the country

26
Q

what does the step-down transformer do?

A
  • decreases pd
  • increases current
  • makes it safe to use homes and businesses
27
Q

change of state from solid to liquid

A

melting

28
Q

change of state from liquid to gas

A

vaporisation, evaporation

29
Q

change of state from solid to gas

A

sublimation

30
Q

how to know there’s a change of state on a graph?

A
  • flat part of the graph
31
Q

why does the temperature not increase when changing the state?

A
  • temperature does not increase
  • energy is used to break bonds
  • separate particles
32
Q

increase in temperature

A

particles are gaining kinetic energy
internal energy is increasing

33
Q

Describe what the live wire (brown) does

A

Provides an alternating potential difference (at about 230V) from the mains supply

34
Q

Describe what the neutral wire (blue) does

A

Neutral wire completes the circuit - when the appliance is operating normally, current flows through the live and neutral wires.
(It’s around 0V)

35
Q

Describe what the earth wire (green and yellow) does

A
  • for protecting the wire and for safety
  • it stops the appliance casing from becoming live
  • it doesn’t usually carry a current - only when there’s a fault
    (It’s also at 0V)
36
Q

Describe what happens to the resistance when temperature increases

A

The resistance increases

37
Q

What do we mean by the term conventional current?

A

Current flows from positive to negative side in a circuit

38
Q

Describe the graph for a ohmic conductor

A
  • the current through the ohmic conductor (at constant temperature)
  • is directly proportional to potential difference, so you get a straight line
39
Q

Describe the graph for a Filament lamp

A
  • as current increases, the temperature of the filament also increases
  • this means less current can flow per unit p.d.
  • so the graph gets shallower - hence the curve
40
Q

Describe the graph for a Diode

A
  • current will only flow through a Diode in one direction
  • the Diode has very high resistance in the reverse direction
41
Q

Describe what happens when certain insulating materials are rubbed together

A
  • when certain insulating materials are rubbed together
  • negatively charged electrons will be transferred from one material to another
  • this leaves the materials electrically charged

gcse triple science physics (9 decks)

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