Topic 2: Eating and body-weight control

Question 1

1. Physiological regulation

Answer 1

a) Short term regulation
- level of blood sugar
- Fullness of the stomach and other visceral, interoceptive stimuli
- Body temperature
b) Long term regulations
- Responsible for stable body weight

Question 2

2. Environmental stimuli

Answer 2

Taste, smell & learning

Question 3

3.Social and cultural factors

Answer 3

Determine how much to eat, idael body weight etc

Changes from culture to culture

Question 4

Pathological eating habits

Answer 4

Anorexia Nervosa, Binge eating disorder, Bulimia Nervosa, Othrorexia Nervosa

Question 5

Obesity

Answer 5

Chronic disease, characterized by an excess of body fat

- eat more than we need
- much less active than some years ago

Unsolved emotional problems may be a cause of obesity(hunger for love)
No personality correlates of obesity

Question 6

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 6

• Achieving pathological slimness through self starvation, overtraining and feeling fat even much below ideal body weight.
• Intense fear of becoming fat
• No menstruation
• Extremely conserned about the weight and shape of their body

Question 7

Binge eating disorder

Answer 7

Periods of uncontrolled, impulsive, or continuously eating to the point of feeling uncomfortably full.
May result in fasting or dieting, and feeling of shame and self-hatred
May strugglewith anxiety, depression and loneliness

Question 8

Bulemia Nervosa

Answer 8

Secret cycles of binge eating followed by getting rid of the calories. the cycles are repeated.
Extremely concerned about their weight and body shape.
Body weight may vary form normal to mild, moderate or severe obesity.

Question 9

Orthorexia Nervosa

Answer 9

Taking the concept of healty eating to a level that influences your daily life. May become physically dangerous.

Question 10

Energy use in the body

Answer 10

2/3 of the energy is used for metabolism and body functioning.
1/3 of the energy is used for real activity

Question 11

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 11

Measures you hight/weight ratio. (kg/m^2)

Underweight = BMI below 18,5
Normal weight = BMI between 18,5-24,9
Overweight = BMI between 25-29,9
Obesity = BMI 30 or greater

Question 12

Set point hypothesis

Answer 12

States that everybody has a biologically determined, homeostatically defended, ideal body weight, which would explaine the normally stable body weight

“set point” would be determined by number of fat cells. “set point” can according to this not be changed in adults

Question 13

The setting point hypothesis

Answer 13

States that there are no homeostatically defended ideal body weight, rather body weight can and does stabilize around any point, if food intakes and energy used are stable.

Question 14

Restraint

Answer 14

Food intake is influenced by the balance between the physiological factors promoting the desire to eat, and the cognitively mediated efforts to overcome this desire

This cognetive struggle is called the Dietary Restraint

Question 15

Levels of food intake and body weight regulation

Answer 15

1. Physiological regulation
2. Environmental stimuli
3. Social and cultural factors