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GCSE Geography > Topic 2 : Development Dynamics > Flashcards

Topic 2 : Development Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are high income countries?

A

A group of wealthy countries mostly in the northern hemisphere

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2
Q

What are low income countries?

A

A second group of much poorer countries mostly in the Southern Hemisphere

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3
Q

What is development?

A

The process of change that affects people’s lives

May involve an improvement in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change

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4
Q

What is the human development index? (HDI)

A

Statistic that combines wealth, health and education to show how developed a country is

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5
Q

What is GDP Per Capita?

A

The total value of goods and services produced in a year

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6
Q

What are middle income countries? (MICs)

A

Countries that have large reserves of raw materials which encourages investment and growth in the 1980s

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7
Q

What are newly industrialising countries? (NICs)

A

Type of countries that had growth often due to relocation of manufacturing overseas
Economic doubles in size between 1988 and 1996

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8
Q

Name all stages in Rostow’s theory of development

A 
Tradition society
Pre - take off
Take off
Drive to maturity
Age of mass consumption
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9
Q

What is rostow’s theory of development?

A

The theory based on the ‘global north’

Idea that countries should pass through 5 stages of development

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10
Q

Name characteristics of the Tradition Society stage

A

High percentage of Agriculture
Lack of development
Non trade
Family and religion

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11
Q

Name characteristics of the Pre take - off stage

A

Currency and banks
Infrastructure development
Start of trade

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12
Q

Name characteristics of the Take Off stage

A

Rapid growth in economy

Greater individualism

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13
Q

Name characteristics of the Drive to Maturity stage

A

Modern technology

Industrialisation

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14
Q

Name characteristics of the Age of Mass Consumption stage

A

High income jobs
Most people work in service industry
Technology

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15
Q

State criticisms of Rostow’s theory of development

A

Too out dated - 1960
Doesn’t take into account technology
Based on how Europe and North America developed

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16
Q

Name all parts of Frank’s dependency theory

A

Core
Semi - periphery
Periphery

17
Q

Name characteristics of the Core in frank’s dependency theory

A

Core is 15% of world’s population that enjoy 75% of its income
Takers of goods
Processes raw materials into higher value products and becomes wealthy

18
Q

Name characteristics of the Semi - Periphery

A

Low value materials are traded between the periphery and core

19
Q

Name characteristics of the Periphery

A

Periphery consists of ‘other’ areas that produce raw materials
Natural resources and factories
Extreme poverty

20
Q

What is colonialism?

A

When one country takes control over another and they have to adopt their laws and culture

21
Q

What is neo - colonialism?

A

After a country has gained Independence they still are affected by rich country’s control

22
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The ways in which countries have become increasingly connected to each other

23
Q

What is a top - down development project?

A

Scheme that is funded by large companies or decisions made by the national government
Local people do not get involved

24
Q

What is a bottom - up development project?

A

Scheme where local people are involved and educated in order to make their everyday lives better
They are fully involved in decisions

25
Q

What is an emerging country?

A

A country with high-to-medium human development and recent economic growth

26
Q

Compare the strengths and weaknesses of India

A

Strengths:
World’s largest democracy
Largest film industry in the world - Bollywood
Weaknesses:
Some of the worst environmental problems with poor air and water pollution
Some of the world’s worst urban slums, housing a quarter of the population

27
Q

Compare the opportunities and threats of India

A

Opportunities:
Develop Bollywood further - grow industry
2nd largest population - more workers and consumers
Threats:
6% of the world’s bird and plant species but population and economic growth threaten them

28
Q

What is the foreign direct investment? (FDI)

A

Any money or investment that comes from overseas companies

29
Q

Explain one way in which outsourcing affects economic development in an emerging country

A

In India the TNCs (transitional companies) invest in IT and call centres

30
Q

What does outsourcing mean?

A

Where a company moves services overseas

31
Q

State positives and negatives of TNCs in India

A 
Call centres:
Positives:
Young graduates can send money home to family
24/7 customer service for a fraction of the price
Eliminates staffing issues
Negatives:
Linguistic and cultural barriers 
Security and privacy concerns
Lack of company knowledge
32
Q

Compare the lifestyle in Maharashtra and Bihar

A

Maharashtra:
Service industries - e.g banking, IT, call centres
Mumbai hosts the world’s largest film industry
Literacy rate - 77.7%
Bihar:
Lest service industries - poorer
Women have lowest literacy rate - 33%
Lots of water pollution and air pollution due to poorly managed waste removal and urban traffic

33
Q

Name environmental impacts in India

A 
Air pollution
Water pollution
Dharavi slums
Difficulties in disposing waste
Electronic waste
34
Q

What is geopolitical influence?

A

The way a country’s geography and economy affect its relationships and influence with other countries

35
Q

State on feature of colonialism

A

Expansion of a country into a new territory

36
Q

Name all economic sectors

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

GCSE Geography (12 decks)

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