Topic 2 : Development Dynamics Flashcards
What are high income countries?
A group of wealthy countries mostly in the northern hemisphere
What are low income countries?
A second group of much poorer countries mostly in the Southern Hemisphere
What is development?
The process of change that affects people’s lives
May involve an improvement in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change
What is the human development index? (HDI)
Statistic that combines wealth, health and education to show how developed a country is
What is GDP Per Capita?
The total value of goods and services produced in a year
What are middle income countries? (MICs)
Countries that have large reserves of raw materials which encourages investment and growth in the 1980s
What are newly industrialising countries? (NICs)
Type of countries that had growth often due to relocation of manufacturing overseas
Economic doubles in size between 1988 and 1996
Name all stages in Rostow’s theory of development
Tradition society Pre - take off Take off Drive to maturity Age of mass consumption
What is rostow’s theory of development?
The theory based on the ‘global north’
Idea that countries should pass through 5 stages of development
Name characteristics of the Tradition Society stage
High percentage of Agriculture
Lack of development
Non trade
Family and religion
Name characteristics of the Pre take - off stage
Currency and banks
Infrastructure development
Start of trade
Name characteristics of the Take Off stage
Rapid growth in economy
Greater individualism
Name characteristics of the Drive to Maturity stage
Modern technology
Industrialisation
Name characteristics of the Age of Mass Consumption stage
High income jobs
Most people work in service industry
Technology
State criticisms of Rostow’s theory of development
Too out dated - 1960
Doesn’t take into account technology
Based on how Europe and North America developed
Name all parts of Frank’s dependency theory
Core
Semi - periphery
Periphery
Name characteristics of the Core in frank’s dependency theory
Core is 15% of world’s population that enjoy 75% of its income
Takers of goods
Processes raw materials into higher value products and becomes wealthy
Name characteristics of the Semi - Periphery
Low value materials are traded between the periphery and core
Name characteristics of the Periphery
Periphery consists of ‘other’ areas that produce raw materials
Natural resources and factories
Extreme poverty
What is colonialism?
When one country takes control over another and they have to adopt their laws and culture
What is neo - colonialism?
After a country has gained Independence they still are affected by rich country’s control
What is globalisation?
The ways in which countries have become increasingly connected to each other
What is a top - down development project?
Scheme that is funded by large companies or decisions made by the national government
Local people do not get involved
What is a bottom - up development project?
Scheme where local people are involved and educated in order to make their everyday lives better
They are fully involved in decisions
What is an emerging country?
A country with high-to-medium human development and recent economic growth
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of India
Strengths:
World’s largest democracy
Largest film industry in the world - Bollywood
Weaknesses:
Some of the worst environmental problems with poor air and water pollution
Some of the world’s worst urban slums, housing a quarter of the population
Compare the opportunities and threats of India
Opportunities:
Develop Bollywood further - grow industry
2nd largest population - more workers and consumers
Threats:
6% of the world’s bird and plant species but population and economic growth threaten them
What is the foreign direct investment? (FDI)
Any money or investment that comes from overseas companies
Explain one way in which outsourcing affects economic development in an emerging country
In India the TNCs (transitional companies) invest in IT and call centres
What does outsourcing mean?
Where a company moves services overseas
State positives and negatives of TNCs in India
Call centres: Positives: Young graduates can send money home to family 24/7 customer service for a fraction of the price Eliminates staffing issues Negatives: Linguistic and cultural barriers Security and privacy concerns Lack of company knowledge
Compare the lifestyle in Maharashtra and Bihar
Maharashtra:
Service industries - e.g banking, IT, call centres
Mumbai hosts the world’s largest film industry
Literacy rate - 77.7%
Bihar:
Lest service industries - poorer
Women have lowest literacy rate - 33%
Lots of water pollution and air pollution due to poorly managed waste removal and urban traffic
Name environmental impacts in India
Air pollution Water pollution Dharavi slums Difficulties in disposing waste Electronic waste
What is geopolitical influence?
The way a country’s geography and economy affect its relationships and influence with other countries
State on feature of colonialism
Expansion of a country into a new territory
Name all economic sectors
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
