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Chemistry > Topic 2: Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Topic 2: Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

In a school laboratory what piece of equipment is used to heat a substance?

A

Bunsen Burner

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2
Q

Name the FIVE different sections of a Bunsen burner.

A

Barrel, regulating collar, air hole, gas tubing and the base.

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3
Q

What SIX safety precautions should you take when using a Bunsen?

A

Tie long hair back, roll up sleeves/take off blazer, tuck in your tie, put on safety goggles, remove any flammable liquids and don’t leave gas on for too long before lighting.

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4
Q

Number the following statements 1-4 according to the order you must follow when lighting a Bunsen burner:

  • Move the collar until the air hole is 1/3 open
  • Turn on the gas by moving the gas tap
  • Attach the rubber tubing to the gas tap
  • Light a wooden splint and hold it above the chimney
A
  1. Attach the rubber tubing to the gas tap
  2. Move the collar until the air hole is 1/3 open
  3. Turn on the gas by moving the gas tap
  4. Light a wooden splint and hold it above the chimney
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5
Q

What is the colour of the flame when the air hole is 1/3 open?

A

Yellow/tinged blue

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6
Q

What is the colour of the flame once the air hole is fully opened?

A

2 toned blue

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7
Q

What is the colour of the flame when the air hole is completely closed?

A

Yellow (safety flame)

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8
Q

What are the THREE observations for each type of flame when the air hole is open and when the air hole is closed?

A

Air hole open: 1. roaring 2. slight blue colour 3. hard to notice

Air hole closed: 1. quiet 2. yellow/orange 3. easy to see

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9
Q

What is the colour of the flame and metal present of sodium chloride when heated?

A

Flame colour: yellow

Metal present: sodium

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10
Q

What is the colour of the flame and metal present of potassium chloride when heated?

A

Colour of flame: lilac

Metal present: potassium

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11
Q

What is the colour of the flame and metal present of strontium chloride when heated?

A

Colour of flame: red

Metal present: strontium

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12
Q

What is the flame colour and metal present when calcium chloride is heated?

A

Flame colour: brick red ( orange red )

Metal present: calcium

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13
Q

What is the flame colour and metal present of copper chloride when heated?

A

Flame colour: blue-green

Metal present: copper

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14
Q

What is the flame colour and metal present when barium chloride is heated?

A

Flame colour: apple green

Metal present: barium

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15
Q

What colour of flame does sodium produce?

A

Yellow

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16
Q

What is the correct change of state when a solid turns to liquid and then to gas?

A

The solid melts into a liquid and then the liquid evaporates into a gas

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17
Q

What is the correct change of state when a gas changes into a liquid and then to a solid?

A

The gas condenses into a liquid and then the liquid freezes into a solid

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18
Q

What are changes called when something is heated that can be changed back on cooling?

A

Reversible changes

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19
Q

What are changes called on heating that cannot be changed back on cooling?

A

Irreversible changes

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20
Q

Is ice melting reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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21
Q

Is the wax on a candle burning reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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22
Q

Is the wick on a candle burning reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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23
Q

Is boiling an egg reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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24
Q

Is baking a cake reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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25
Q

Is making a clay pot and firing it in a kiln reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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26
Q

What are the observations of magnesium ribbon being heated and is it reversible or irreversible?

A

Observations: bright white light

Irreversible

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27
Q

What are the observations of ice being heated and is it reversible or irreversible?

A

Observations: melts ( turns into a liquid)

Reversible

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28
Q

What are the observations of candle wax being heated and is it reversible or irreversible?

A

Observations: Melts

Reversible

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29
Q

What are the observations of copper carbonate being heated and is it reversible or irreversible?

A

Observations: green powder turns black

Irreversible

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30
Q

What are the observations of a wooden splint being heated and is it reversible or irreversible?

A

Observations: black ash

Irreversible

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31
Q

What are the observations of bread being heated and is it reversible or irreversible ?

A

Observations: burns/chars

Irreversible

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32
Q

Does sugar dissolve or melt into tea?

A

Dissolve

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33
Q

Does ice dissolve or melt into lemonade?

A

Melts

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34
Q

Does salt dissolve or melt into soup?

A

Dissolve

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35
Q

Does ice cream dissolve or melt on a sunny day?

A

Melt

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36
Q

What is the term of a liquid that can dissolve a solid?

A

Solvent

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37
Q

What is the term of a solid dissolves in a liquid?

A

Solute

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38
Q

What is the term of something does not dissolve?

A

Insoluble

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39
Q

What is the term of the liquid formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent?

A

Solution

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40
Q

What is the term of a substance which can dissolve?

A

Soluble

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41
Q

What is the definition of soluble?

A

A substance which can dissolve

42
Q

What is the definition of insoluble?

A

Something which does not dissolve

43
Q

What is the definition of solute?

A

A solid that dissolves in a liquid

44
Q

What is the definition of solvent?

A

A liquid that can dissolve A solid

45
Q

What is the definition of solution?

A

The liquid formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

46
Q

What is the appearance of sugar before mixing with water and the appearance after mixing with water?

A

Before: white crystals

After: clear, colourless liquid

47
Q

What is the appearance off flour before mixing with water and the appearance of flour after mixing with water?

A

Before: white powder

After: white cloudy fog/suspension

48
Q

What is the appearance of copper sulfate before mixing with water after mixing with water?

A

Before: blue crystal powder

After: a light blue clear substance

49
Q

What is the appearance of calbalt chloride before mixing with water and after mixing with water?

A

Before: a purple wet powder

After: a red/purple clear substance

50
Q

What is the appearance of sand before mixing with water and after mixing with water?

A

Before: dry mud/rocky/sandy

After: foggy and clear with mixture at the bottom, cloudy suspension

51
Q

Does the substance sugar form a solution and is it soluble or insoluble?

A

Yes

Soluble

52
Q

Does the substance flour form a solution and is it soluble or insoluble?

A

No

Insoluble

53
Q

Does the substance copper sulfate form a solution and is it soluble or insoluble?

A

Yes

Soluble

54
Q

Does the substance cobalt chloride form a solution and is it soluble or insoluble?

A

Yes

Soluble

55
Q

Does the substance sand form a solution and is it soluble or insoluble?

A

No

Insoluble

56
Q

Why is it important to use the same volume of water when testing each substance?

A

To keep it a fair test

57
Q

A suspension is a solid that does not dissolve but just mixes with a liquid. Which substances in the experiment formed a suspension?

A

Flour and sand

58
Q

Describe what happens to a suspension that has been allowed to sit for some time.

A

It sinks to the bottom of the test tube

59
Q

How could you separate the insoluble solid from the water?

A

Filtration

60
Q

What happens when you use filtration to separate the insoluble solid from the water?

A

The sand residue gets caught on filter paper and the clear water passes through

61
Q

What are the SEVEN pieces of apparatus to carry out a filtration experiment?

A

Filtered liquid ( filtrate ), filter funnel, filter paper, liquid and insoluble solid, beaker, filtered solid residue, conical flask

62
Q

How could you retrieve the sugar from the sugar solution?

A

Heat some on an evaporation basin with a Bunsen burner

63
Q

Name the apparatus used to retrieve sugar from a sugar solution.

A

Tripod, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, evaporating basin

64
Q

Name apparatus used for finding out the maximum amount of copper sulfate that will dissolve in 25 cm³ of water at room temperature.

A

Wire gauze, measuring cylinder, beakers, spatula, filter paper funnel, evaporating basin, tripod, mass balance, Bunsen burner

65
Q

What safety precautions do you have to remember whilst using a Bunsen burner?

A

Wear safety goggles and tie long hair back

66
Q

Describe the method of finding out the maximum amount of copper sulfate that will dissolve in 25 cm³ of water at room temperature.

A
  1. Measure out 25 cm³ of water into a 100 cm³ beaker
  2. Add one spatula of copper sulfate to the water and stirred, repeat until no more will dissolve
  3. Weigh an evaporating basin and record mass in a suitable table
  4. Filter copper sulfate solution and collect filtrate in evaporating basin
  5. Evaporate of water from solution
  6. Allow basin to cool and reweigh,record in table
  7. Use your results to work out how much copper sulfate was dissolved in the 25 cm³ of water.
67
Q

If your result was 5g and over all you had 25 cm³ work out how many grams of copper sulfate would dissolve in 100 cm³ off water at room temperature.

A

Answer: 20 cm³

68
Q

How many grams are the same as 1 cm³?

A

1g

69
Q

What is the appearance before and after magnesium burns?

A

Before: silver metal

After: white ash

70
Q

What is the appearance before and after paper burns?

A

Before: white paper

After: dark grey ash

71
Q

What colour are the ashes when you burn magnesium and paper?

A

Magnesium: white ash

Paper: dark grey ash

72
Q

What colour are the flames whenever magnesium and paper burns?

A

Paper: orange and smokey

Magnesium: bright white light

73
Q

What other substance is needed for burning to occur other than fuel and heat?

A

Oxygen

74
Q

What is the new substance formed called when magnesium burns?

A

Magnesium oxide

75
Q

What is the bright light when magnesium burns used for?

A

Stress flares or fireworks

76
Q

What are the three essential things in a fire triangle to keep a fire burning?

A

Fuel,heat and oxygen

77
Q

If a chip pan catches fire should you
A. Place a damp tea towel over the fire
or
B. Lift the pan and put it on the worktop away from the heat?

A

A. Place a damp tea towel over the fire

78
Q

What colour of flame would sodium chloride burn with?

A

Yellow

79
Q

What colour of flame would calcium chloride burn with?

A

Brick red

80
Q

What colour of flame would strontium chloride burn with?

A

Red

81
Q

What colour of flame would potassium chloride burn with?

A

Lilac

82
Q

What change is solid - liquid?

A

Melting

83
Q

What change is gas - liquid?

A

Condensing

84
Q

What change is liquid - gas?

A

Boiling

85
Q

What change is liquid - solid?

A

Freezing

86
Q

Is ice a liquid,solid or gas?

A

Solid

87
Q

Is oxygen a liquid, solid or gas?

A

Gas

88
Q

Is petrol a liquid, solid or gas?

A

Liquid

89
Q

Give two examples of a reversible change

A

Candle wax,ice

90
Q

Give two examples of an irreversible change

A

Magnesium ribbon, copper carbonate, wooden splint, bread

91
Q

Name the process that causes the clothes on a line to dry

A

Evaporation

92
Q

Name TWO substances that dissolve readily in water.

A

Sugar, copper sulfate and cobalt chloride

93
Q

Name TWO substances that do not dissolve in water.

A

Sand and flour

94
Q

Give a definition for soluble.

A

A substance which can dissolve

95
Q

Give a definition for solute.

A

A solid that dissolves in a liquid

96
Q

Give a definition for solvent.

A

A liquid that can dissolve a solid

97
Q

Give a definition for solution.

A

The liquid formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

98
Q

How would you separate an insoluble solid from water?

A

Filtering/filtration

99
Q

A mixture of chalk and water is filtered using a filter paper and funnel. The chalk stays in the filter paper because it is what?

A

Insoluble

100
Q

What are the units for solubility?

A

g/100g

101
Q

Describe what happens when magnesium burns.

A

Bright white shining flame and it turns into white ash

102
Q

Three essential things are needed for burning, what are they?

A

Heat fuel and oxygen

Chemistry (6 decks)

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