Atomic Structures And The Periodic Table

Question 1

What does the periodic table display?

Answer 1

All the elements

Question 2

Who argued that everything in the world was made up of particles so small they could not be cut in half?

Answer 2

Democritus

Question 3

What did he call these tiny things?

Answer 3

Atoms

Question 4

What Greek word does this come from and what does it mean?

Answer 4

Atoms and it means tiny (invisible)

Question 5

When did John Dalton refine the idea?

Answer 5

1800’s Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Question 6

What are the names of the atoms’ sub atomic particles?

Answer 6

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 7

Where is the cluster of protons and neutrons found?

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

Where do the electrons live?

Answer 8

Shells

Question 9

How are atoms organized on the Periodic table?

Answer 9

Atomic Number

Question 10

Draw and label a diagram of 4
He
2

Answer 10

Look at book

Question 11

What must the number of protons be equal to?

Answer 11

Number of electrons

Question 12

What determines what element it is?

Answer 12

The number of protons (or electrons). The numbers of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element.

Question 13

What is the mass number?

Answer 13

The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 14

What is the number of neutrons equal to?

Answer 14

Mass number - number of protons

Question 15

Where do the electrons go?

Answer 15

The electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom and they are arranged in shells. The maximum number of electrons which can be contained in each shell is: 1st shell= 2, 2nd shell= 8, 3rd shell= 8. The first shell must be full before there can be any electrons in the second shell, the second shell must be full before any electrons can enter the third shell and so on.

Question 16

Give an example of the electronic structure?

Answer 16

For example there are three electrons in a lithium atom. Two of these electrons are in the first shell, the remaining electron is in the second shell this is represented by 2,1 which is known as lithium’s electronic structure. Since sulfur has 16 electrons, its electronic structure is 2, 8, 6.

Question 17

What is the electronic structure of carbon, with an atomic number of 6?

Answer 17

2,4

Question 18

What is the electronic structure of neon, with an atomic number of 10?

Answer 18

2,8

Question 19

What is the electronic structure of magnesium, with an atomic number of 12?

Answer 19

2,8,2

Question 20

What is the electronic structure of argon, with an atomic number of 18?

Answer 20

2,8,8

Question 21

What is the electronic structure of calcium, with an atomic number of 20?

Answer 21

2,8,8,2

Question 22

What are the observations of lithium and water?

Answer 22

Fizzes slowly across the surface. Gives off a gas. The lithium disappears. Heat given off. Metal shrinks and disappears

Question 23

What are the observations of sodium and water?

Answer 23

Fizzes quickly across the surface. Melts into a little ball. Gives off a gas. Heat given off. Metal shrinks and disappears.

Question 24

What are the observations of potassium ans water?

Answer 24

Fizzes quickly across the surface. Burns with a lilac flame. Heat given off. Gas produced. Potassium gets smaller then disappears

Question 25

What do these metals have to be stored under and why?

Answer 25

These metals have to be stored under oil because they react with water.

Question 26

What are all these metals soft enough to be cut with?

Answer 26

A knife

Question 27

How does reactivity increase?

Answer 27

Reactivity increases as you go down the group

Question 28

What do they all react with?

Answer 28

They all react with water to form an alkali (hence their name) and hydrogen gas e.g. Potassium + water = potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 29

Like alkali metals, what do the alkaline earth metals react with?

Answer 29

Water to produce hydrogen gas. These reactions, however, are less intense than those with the alkali metals. Alkaline earth metals also react vigorously with oxygen.

Question 30

What are the alkaline earth metals all abundant in?

Answer 30

The earth’s crust

Question 31

What are the elements in group 0 called?

Answer 31

Noble gases. They have these properties in common:
•They are non-metals.
•They are very unreactive gases (inert).
•They are colourless.

Question 32

What is fluorine?

Answer 32

Fluorine is a yellow gas but is far too dangerous to handle at school.

Question 33

What is chlorine?

Answer 33

Chlorine is a hello-green dangerous gas. It is mixed with water to form a solution that is added to swimming pools.

Question 34

What is bromine?

Answer 34

Bromine is a red-brown hazardous liquid but you may see a week solution of it

Question 35

What is iodine?

Answer 35

Iodine is a purple solid but is dissolved in water to form a solution that is used to test for starch in biology.

Question 36

What is astatine?

Answer 36

Astatine is radioactive and very rare: there are only a few grams of it in the whole of the earth’s crust at any time