Topic 2: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is a cellular respiration pathway?

Answer 1

A pathway found in cells from all three domains and are central importance to cells and you love energy

Question 2

What is glycolysis?

Answer 2

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

Question 3

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

What are the two phases of glycolysis?

Answer 4

And energy investment and an energy pay off phase

Question 5

What is ATP required for in glycolysis?

Answer 5

Phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates

Question 6

What happens during the energy investment phase?

Answer 6

Glucose and intermediates are phosphorylated by ATP

Question 7

What happens during the energy pay off stage?

Answer 7

Where is generation of more ATP and this result in a net gain of ATP

Question 8

What happens to pyruvate and aerobic conditions?

Answer 8

Pyruvate is broken down to acetyl group

Question 9

Acetyl group combines with Coenzyme A to produce what?

Answer 9

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Question 10

Where does the citric acid cycle occur at?

Answer 10

The matrix of the mitochondria

Question 11

The acetyl group from acetyl-Coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form what?

Answer 11

Citrate

Question 12

What happens to citrate during a series of enzyme controlled steps?

Answer 12

Citrate is gradually converted back to oxaloacetate

Question 13

What does the conversion of citrate into oxaloacetate result in the generation of?

Answer 13

The generation of ATP and release of CO2

Question 14

What do you dehydrogenase enzymes do?

Answer 14

Remove hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) and pass them to the call enzyme NAD to form NADH

Question 15

What do you dehydrogenase enzymes remove?

Answer 15

Hydrogen ions and electrons in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 16

What happens to the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH?

Answer 16

They are passed to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 17

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 17

A series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

What does the energy produced in the electron transport chain allow for?

Answer 18

Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 19

What happens when hydrogen and electrons flow back through the protein ATP synthase?

Answer 19

The production of ATP

Question 20

What do the hydrogen ions and electrons combined with oxygen produce?

Answer 20

Water

Question 21

What is phosphorylation of molecules?

Answer 21

An enzyme catalysed reaction that attaches a phosphate group to another molecule

Question 22

What is required for a phosphorylation of glucose and other intermediate?

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

Where does fermentation take place in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 23

In the cytoplasm

Question 24

What is pyruvate fermented into in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 24

To either lactate (animal cells) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (plant cells)

Question 25

What is pyruvate is converted to in animal cells?

Answer 25

Lactate and this reaction is reversible

Question 26

What is pyruvate is converted to in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 26

Ethanol and carbon dioxide and the reaction is irreversible

Question 27

What is the comparison between ATP production in fermentation versus aerobic respiration?

Answer 27

Fermentation produces much less ATP than aerobic respiration

Question 28

What is the role of ATP?

Answer 28

ATP is used to transfer the energy from cellular respiration to synthetic pathways and other cellular processes where energy is required

Question 29

What is the ATP broken down to?

Answer 29

ADP and inorganic phosphate with the release of energy

Question 30

ATP is regenerated from what?

Answer 30

ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy released by cellular respiration