Topic 2-Cell Organization Flashcards
tissue
a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
organ
a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function
organ system
a group of organs working together to perform a particular function
enzymes
catalysts produced by living things
catalyst
a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction
active site
unique shape on an enzyme that fits only onto the substance involved in the reaction
amylase
breaks down starch into simple sugars
protease
breaks down proteins into amino acids
lipase
breaks down lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids
bile is produced in…
the liver
amylase is produced in…
the salivary glands, the pancreas, and the small intestine
protease and lipase are produced in…
the pancreas and the small intestine
benedicts test
test for sugars
iodine solution
test for starch
biuret test
test for proteins
sudan III test
test for lipids
alveoli
carry out gas exchange
double circulatory system
two circuits joined together
arteries
carry blood away from the heart (high pressure, thick walls, muscle lined)
capillaries
exchange materials (thin permeable walls, small lumen)
veins
carry blood to the heart (thin walls, big lumen, valves)
red blood cells
carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body
white blood cells
defend against infection
platelets
help blood clot
plasma
the liquid that carries everything in the blood
stents
tubes inserted inside arteries to keep them open
statins
drugs that reduce the amount of cholesterol present in the blood stream
communicable disease
infectious diseases (bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi)
non communicable diseases
cannot spread through people and animals.
factors that affect health
diet, stress, your countries wealth (for good quality hospitals)
risk factor
something that increases your likelihood of contracting a disease
examples of risk factors
smoking, excessive drinking, radiation, obesity, genetics
benign tumour
a tumour that stays in one place and doesn’t invade other tissues. usually isn’t cancerous
malignant tumour
tumour that grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues. also cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body via the blood stream. they are cancerous tumours
palisade mesophyll tissue
the part of the leaf where photosynthesis occurs
spongy mesophyll tissue
where gases diffuse in and out of cells
phloem
transport food, made of elongated living cells with small pores to allow cell sap through. TRANSLOCATION
xylem
transport water, made of dead cells joined end to end. TRANSPIRATION
transpiration
the loss of water from the plant
factors that affect transpiration rate
light intensity, temperature, air flow, and humidity
guard cells
open and close stomata
