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Chemistry > Topic 2: Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter > Flashcards

Topic 2: Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of chemical bonds?

A

Compounds
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

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2
Q

Which 3 of the chemical bonds are the strong bonds?

A

Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

2 or more elements chemically combined

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4
Q

Where does ionic bonding occur?

A

In compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals.

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5
Q

Ionic particles are __________ charged ____ .

A

Oppositely
Ions

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6
Q

Where does covalent bonding occur?

A

In most non-metallic elements and in compounds of non-metals.

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7
Q

Covalent particles are atoms which share _____ of _________ .

A

Pairs
Electrons

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8
Q

Where does metallic bonding occur?

A

In metallic elements and alloys.

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9
Q

Metallic particles are atoms which share ___________ electrons.

A

Delocalised

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10
Q

Electron transfers to form ionic compounds can be represented by…

A

Dot and cross diagrams

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11
Q

What direction do ionic compound forces act in and why?

A

All directions as it is a giant 3D structure.

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12
Q

How are ionic compounds held together?

A

By strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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13
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

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14
Q

What are polymers?

A

Large covalently bonded molecules

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15
Q

What do giant covalent structures consist of?

A

Many atoms covalently bonded in a lattice structure.

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16
Q

What is another word for a giant covalent structure?

A

Macromolecules

17
Q

Name 2 examples of giant covalent structures.

A

Diamond
Silicon Dioxide

18
Q

What does the delocalised electron system consist of in terms of metallic bonding?

A

Electrons lost from the atoms to form positive ions.

19
Q

What does the bonding in a metal consist of (metallic bonding)?

A

Positive ions (atoms that have lost electrons) and delocalised electrons attached in a regular pattern.

20
Q

___________ electrons are free to move through the structure (in terms of metallic bonding)

A

Delocalised

21
Q

Why are metallic bonds so strong?

A

Because the delocalised electrons are shared through the structure.

22
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

23
Q

What takes place at the melting point?

A

Melting and freezing

24
Q

What takes place at the boiling point?

A

Boiling and condensing

25
Q

The stronger the forces between the particles the higher the…

A

Melting point and boiling point of the substance.

26
Q

What are the 4 state symbols in chemical equations?

A

(S) solid
(L) liquid
(G) gas
(Aq) aqueous solution

27
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

A

Because a lot of energy is required to break the strong bonds.

28
Q

When can ionic compounds conduct electricity and why?

A

When they are melted or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move and carry a current.

29
Q

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity in a solid?

A

Because the ions are in fixed positions.

30
Q

Smaller molecules have ____ intermolecular forces.

A

Weak

31
Q

Intermolecular forces increase with the size of the _________ , so larger _________ have ______ melting and boiling points.

A

Molecule
Molecules
Higher

32
Q

True or false: “small molecules have an overall electric charge”

A

False: small molecules DO NOT have an overall electric charge, so they cannot conduct electricity.

33
Q

Polymers have very large _________ .

A

Molecules

34
Q

How are polymer molecules linked to other atoms?

A

By strong covalent bonds.

35
Q

Why are polymers solid at room temperature?

A

Because the intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are quite strong.

36
Q

What are alloys made from?

A

2 or more different types of metals.

37
Q

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

A

Because the different sized atoms distort the layers in the structure, making it difficult for the layers to slide over each other.

38
Q

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

A

Because the delocalised electrons in the metal carry an electrical charge.

39
Q

Why are metals good conductors of thermal energy?

A

Because energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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