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Chemistry > Topic 1: Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Topic 1: Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the chemical symbol of Sodium?

A

Na

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2
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.

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3
Q

What does a chemical reaction ALWAYS involve?

A

The formation of one or more substances

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4
Q

What do chemical reactions OFTEN involve?

A

An energy change

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5
Q

True or false: Compounds can only be separated into elements via chemical reactions.

A

True

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6
Q

What is a mixture?

A

2 or more elements or compounds which are NOT chemically combined

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7
Q

Name 5 different ways mixtures can be separated.

A

Filtration
Crystallisation
Simple Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Chromatography

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8
Q

What sort of processes can mixtures be separated by?

A

Physical processes

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9
Q

What was the first development in atom theory?

A

That atoms were tiny spheres that CANNOT be divided

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10
Q

What theory was behind the Plum Pudding Model?

A

That the atom is a ball of positive change embedded with negative electrons

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11
Q

What was concluded in the Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment?

A

That an atom’s mass is concentrated at the centre (in the nucleus) and that the nucleus is charged

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12
Q

What happened in the Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment?

A

A beam of alpha particles were aimed at a piece of thin gold foil and their passage through was detected and observed
Some of the alpha particles emerged from the foil at different angles, and some came straight back
Positively charged alpha particles were repelled and deflected by a small concentration of positively charge in the atom’s nucleus

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13
Q

What was Neil Bohr’s theory?

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances (Bohr’s theory has supporting data)

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14
Q

What was found in later atom model experiments?

A

Positive charge of any nucleus could be subdivided into smaller particles, which have equal amounts of positive charge (protons)

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15
Q

What did James Chadwick’s work do?

A

Provided evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the Nucleus

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16
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom of an element

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17
Q

All atoms of a particular element have the ___________ number of protons

A

Same

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18
Q

All atoms of different elements have ___________ numbers of protons.

A

Different

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19
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

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20
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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21
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

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22
Q

What is an atoms overall charge?

A

0

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23
Q

What is the number of protons equal to?

A

Number of protons = Number of electrons

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24
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1nm

25
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

26
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

27
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

28
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

29
Q

What is an atomic number equal to?

A

Atomic number = Number of protons

30
Q

What how do you calculate a mass number?

A

Mass number= number of protons + number of neutrons

31
Q

Define Relative Atomic Mass.

A

An average value that takes account of the abundance of isotopes of the element

32
Q

Who were the 2 creators of the 2 early periodic tables?

A

John Newlands
Dmitri Mendeleev

33
Q

Metals in the periodic table are elements that react to form ______ ions

A

Positive

34
Q

Non-metals in the periodic table are elements that __________ form _________ ions

A

Do Not
Positive

35
Q

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

A

Left towards the bottom of the periodic table.

36
Q

Where are Non-Metals found on the periodic table?

A

Towards the right and top of the periodic table

37
Q

What are Group 1 elements called?

A

The Alkali Metsld

38
Q

What do group 1 metals strongly react to?

A

Water

39
Q

True or False: The Group 1 reactivity increases going down the group.

A

True

40
Q

What do group 1 elements react with oxygen to make?

A

An oxide

41
Q

How many electrons do group 1 elements have in their outer shell?

A

1

42
Q

What is the name of Group 0 elements?

A

The noble gases

43
Q

True or false: Group 0 elements don’t have full outer shells

A

False, Group 0 elements (incl Helium) have full outer shells

44
Q

Are Noble Gases unreactive?

A

Yes, Noble Gases ARE UNREACTIVE

45
Q

Group 0 elements have a __________ arrangement of electrons.

A

Stable

46
Q

In Group 0 elements, the boiling points of noble gases increase with what going down the group?

A

Relative Atomic Mass

47
Q

What are the Group 7 elements called?

A

The Halogens

48
Q

How many electrons do the halogens have in their outer shell?

A

7

49
Q

In group 7, what do non-metals exist as?

A

Molecules made from pairs of atoms (like Cl2)

50
Q

What do group 7 elements react with metals to make?

A

Ionic Compounds

51
Q

What do group 7 elements react with non-metals to create?

A

Covalent compounds with a a shared pair of electrons

52
Q

What 3 things increase whilst going down group 7?

A

Increases:
Melting point
Boiling point
Relative Molecular Mass

53
Q

Does reactivity increase or decrease going down group 7?

A

Decreases

54
Q

What does a group 7 decrease in reactivity mean?

A

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen in an aqueous solution of its salt.

55
Q

The transition elements compared to group one, are 3 things:

A

Harder/stronger
Generally have higher melting points (bar Mercury) and higher densities
Less reactive

56
Q

What are transition metals useful for?

A

Being a catalyst in a reaction to speed it up.

57
Q

The transition elements have ions with many different charges. True or False?

A

True

58
Q

True or false: “The transition elements form coloured compounds”

A

True.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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