Topic 2

Question 1

What is matter and properties

Answer 1

Matter- anything that has a mass and occupies space

Properties- characteristics that define matter

Question 2

2 types of Matter

Answer 2

Pure Substance- a material that contains only one kind of particle
Mixture- a combinations of 2 or more pure substances such as that each one’s properties are not lost, but hidden.

Question 3

`Pure substances/ different types

Answer 3

Element- Pure substance- only 1 ( iron, gold, oxygen)
Compound- A pure substance consisting of 2 or more elements. Particle are fused together to create one.
( water, table salt, sugar)

Question 4

Mixtures/ different types

Answer 4

Solution- a homogeneous mixture ; consists of 2 or more pure substance, appearing as one( coffee, clean air)
Mechanical mixture- a heterogeneous mixture; consisting of 2 or more pure substances where you can still see each of the parts.( soil, blood)

Question 5

Solutions/ homogeneous mixtures

Answer 5

For something to be a solution, dissolving must occur.
In a solution, their is a solute and a solvent.
You can not remove the solute in a solution
There are 2 types of Solutions
Aqueous- Solvent is water ( Kool-Aid, Coffee)
Non- Aqueous- Solvent is not water (gasoline, brass)

Question 6

Mechanical Mixtures/ heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 6

A heterogeneous mixture is where no 
dissolving happens.
It can be a solid
You can see the phases.
Phases- separate parts of a heterogeneous mixture

Question 7

In between mixtures

Answer 7

Look to be dissolved, but not.
Suspension- a heterogeneous mixture in which particles settle slowly after mixing( orange juice)
Colloid- a heterogeneous mixture in which particle do not settle (milk)
Emulsion- a mixture in which droplets of fat are prevented from joining together by and emulsifying agents (mayonnaise)

Question 8

Solubility

Answer 8

Solubility-The mass of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent to form a saturated solutions at a given temperature.
Soluble- able to be dissolved in a particular solvent
Insoluble- NOT able to be dissolved in a particular solvent

Question 9

Dissolving

Answer 9

Dissolving- breaking up; forming a solution by mixing 2 or more materials
Rate of dissolving- how fast a solute will dissolve in a solvent

Question 10

4 factors that affect dissolving

Answer 10

Agitation- ( stir, shake) Faster movement
Temperature- Hotter= more space, faster movement
Pressure- Forces solvent into spaces in solute
Surface Area- More space to get inside the solute

Question 11

What needs to happen for materials to dissolve

Answer 11

The particles need to be attracted to each other

The particle need to be moving

Question 12

Saturated, Supersaturated and Unsaturated Solutions

Answer 12

Saturated- a solution in which no more solute will dissolve in a specific amount of a solvent at a specific temperature.
Unsaturated- a solution in which more of the solute will dissolve in a specific solvent at the same temperature
Supersaturated- a solution that contains more solute than would normally dissolve at a certain temperature.

Question 13

How to Supersaturate

Answer 13

You have to heat up the solvent immensely and agitate it harshly, and add pressure.
After a while as the solution cools, the solute will solidify.

Question 14

Saturation point

Answer 14

The point in which no more solute can be added at a specific temperature.

Question 15

Water

Answer 15

Water is called the universal solvent because it dissolves most things.
But sometime things need to be added to help the water dissolve
Detergent can be added, the detergent help dissolve fat particles so they can be rinsed away with water

Question 16

Detergents

Answer 16

One end is attracted to fatty particles and less attracted to water
The other end is attracted to water and less attracted to fatty particles.