Topic 2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Borrowings (loan words)
words that languages take from other languages
Are borrowings dangerous?
No
General linguistics
applicable to any language, all languages in general
Descriptive linguistics
usually limited to one language only, describes rules and principles, presents the norm
Synchronic linguistics
language at a certain point of time
Diachronic linguistics
historical study, language development
Applied linguistics
practical use, teaching purposes
Comparative linguistics
studies several languages from historical perspective
Contrastive linguistics
usually two languages at a certain point of time
Diachronic classification of languages
historically determined language families, how languages developed together, what they had in common…
Synchronic classification of languages (typological)
discuss the way languages look like now and what their characteristic features are –> synthetic and analytic languages
Synthetic languages
grammatical categories are formed primarily by suffixation, endings and relatively free word order (Czech and Slavic languages)
Analytic languages
grammatical categories of words are formed primarely by auxiliaries, word order changes, and also prepositions (English)
Phonetics
sounds, articulation and pronunciation of the given word or language
Phonology
sub-discipline of phonetics, theoretical background
Morphology
discusses make-up and structure of the words
Syntax
make-up and structure of SENTENCES
Grammar
morphology + syntax
Lexicology
studies the word stock - the vocabulary
Lexicography
studies making dictionaries
Etymology
studies the word origin
Onomastics
studies the proper names of places, people
Word formation
how new words are created in the lexicon
Semantics
study of meaning
