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Introduction to linguistics > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Borrowings (loan words)

A

words that languages take from other languages

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2
Q

Are borrowings dangerous?

A

No

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3
Q

General linguistics

A

applicable to any language, all languages in general

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4
Q

Descriptive linguistics

A

usually limited to one language only, describes rules and principles, presents the norm

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5
Q

Synchronic linguistics

A

language at a certain point of time

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6
Q

Diachronic linguistics

A

historical study, language development

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7
Q

Applied linguistics

A

practical use, teaching purposes

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8
Q

Comparative linguistics

A

studies several languages from historical perspective

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9
Q

Contrastive linguistics

A

usually two languages at a certain point of time

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10
Q

Diachronic classification of languages

A

historically determined language families, how languages developed together, what they had in common…

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11
Q

Synchronic classification of languages (typological)

A

discuss the way languages look like now and what their characteristic features are –> synthetic and analytic languages

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12
Q

Synthetic languages

A

grammatical categories are formed primarily by suffixation, endings and relatively free word order (Czech and Slavic languages)

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13
Q

Analytic languages

A

grammatical categories of words are formed primarely by auxiliaries, word order changes, and also prepositions (English)

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14
Q

Phonetics

A

sounds, articulation and pronunciation of the given word or language

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15
Q

Phonology

A

sub-discipline of phonetics, theoretical background

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16
Q

Morphology

A

discusses make-up and structure of the words

17
Q

Syntax

A

make-up and structure of SENTENCES

18
Q

Grammar

A

morphology + syntax

19
Q

Lexicology

A

studies the word stock - the vocabulary

20
Q

Lexicography

A

studies making dictionaries

21
Q

Etymology

A

studies the word origin

22
Q

Onomastics

A

studies the proper names of places, people

23
Q

Word formation

A

how new words are created in the lexicon

24
Q

Semantics

A

study of meaning

25
Q

Pragmatics

A

practical impact of language, what you mean by what you say

26
Q

Stylistics

A

styles in different contexts and discourses

27
Q

Otakar Vočadlo

A

edited the Czech Academic translation of Shakespear

28
Q

Who did the first translation of Shakespeare (6 volumes)?

A

Josef Václav Sládek, Jaroslav Vrchlický

29
Q

Martin Hilský

A

translating Shakespeare in the last decades, best translator of Shakespeare ever,

Introduction to linguistics (11 decks)

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