Topic 1

Question 1

Linguistics

Answer 1

studies language only

Question 2

Philology

Answer 2

broader than linguistics, also covers literature and culture

Question 3

Duality

Answer 3

limited group of units with no meaning are combined to an unlimited group of higher-levels units with meaning, the difference between human and animal communication

Question 4

2 Essential features of language

Answer 4

Sign, tool, system

Question 5

Arbitrary

Answer 5

linguistics is optional, given by agreement, not given in the context

Question 6

Ferdinand de Saussure

Answer 6

described modern languages as those based on symbols, signs are based on arbitrariness (no direct link between the signified and signifier)

Question 7

Charles Pierce

Answer 7

classification of sign

Question 8

Classification of signs

Answer 8

icon, index, symbol

Question 9

Icon

Answer 9

based on factual similarity, eg. map –> rivers, cities, …

Question 10

Index

Answer 10

factual relationship described as pointing to reality (smoke-fire)

Question 11

Symbol

Answer 11

top level fo signs, based on no similarity, no direct link between the reality and the label