TOPIC 2

Question 1

AHRQ culture of safety

Answer 1

reduces the risk for illness and injury
-helps contain costs of healthcare by preventing extended lengths of hospitalization, improving and maintaining patients functional status and increasing patient well being

Question 2

The QSEN safety competency for nurse is defined as

Answer 2

Minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.

Question 3

environmental safety

Answer 3

identifying and correcting potential hazards that can cause accidents and injuries (to both client and health care workers)

Question 4

patient education and oxygen

Answer 4

supplemental oxygen poses a fire risk and is combustible

Question 5

what must be met before physical and psychological safety and security can be addressed

Answer 5

maslows basic needs

Question 6

nutrition

Answer 6

meet nutritional needs adequately (requires knowledge about healthy food and food safety)

Question 7

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 7

a federal agency responsible for regulating food and drug products sold to the public (TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC)

Question 8

what is a persons comfort zone when it come to temperature?

Answer 8

18.3-23.9C (65-75 F)

Question 9

poison

Answer 9

any substance that impairs health or destroys life when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the body

Question 10

falls and older adults

Answer 10

-older adults at increased risk due to decreased strength, impaired mobility and balance, and endurance limitations combined with decreased sensory perception
-fall prevention is a major nursing priority

Question 11

pathogen

Answer 11

any microorganism capable of producing an illness

Question 12

immunization

Answer 12

primary prevention: reduces/ can prevent the transmission of disease from person to person
-NURSES RESPONSIBILITY TO EDUCATE THE BENEFITS OF IMMUNIZATION

Question 13

pollutant

Answer 13

harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water

Question 14

what are the factors that influence patient safety

Answer 14

patients developmental level
mobility, sensory, and cognitive status
lifestyle choices
knowledge of common safety precautions

Question 15

what is adult safety revolved around?

Answer 15

lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking, hazardous work)

Question 16

what is older adult safety revolved around?

Answer 16

injury related to physiological changes of aging
multiple medications
cognitive factors
acute/chronic disease increase risk for FALLS

Question 17

falls

Answer 17

increase risk of premature death
patients who have underlying disease states are more susceptible to fall related injury

Question 18

Patient-inherent accidents

Answer 18

classified as self-induced. (need to ascertain whether a patient-inherent accident is caused by seizure activity)

Question 19

Procedure-related accidents

Answer 19

occur during therapy (med errors, IV therapy errors, improper application of external device, improper performance procedure)

Question 20

potential for infection is reduced when…

Answer 20

surgical asepsis is used for sterile dressing changes or invasive procedures

Question 21

equipment related accidents

Answer 21

result from malfunction, disrepair, or misuse of equipment or from an electrical hazard

Question 22

successful critical thinking

Answer 22

Requires a synthesis of knowledge, experience, information gathered from patients, critical thinking attitudes, and intellectual and professional standards

Question 23

what do you consider when taking a thorough patient assessment?

Answer 23

-threats to patient safety (environment and individual risk factors)

Question 24

nursing history

Answer 24

Includes data about a patient’s level of wellness to determine if any underlying conditions exist that pose threats to safety

Question 25

what should be performed in the patients home?

Answer 25

a hazard assessment

Question 26

what is included in a hazard assessment?

Answer 26

lighting presence of safety devices placement of furniture condition of flooring

Question 27

planning and safety

Answer 27

minimize threats and increase safety

Question 28

fall prevention

Answer 28

- Keep the bedside environment free from clutter. - Explain how to use the call light. - Yellow wristbands mean risk for fall.

Question 29

what is it important to routinely check on assertive aids

Answer 29

rubber tips and integrity of the aid

Question 30

Physical Restraints

Answer 30

-only use as last resort -usually only two side rails can be put up

Question 31

chemical restraint

Answer 31

any drug that is used for discipline or convenience and not required to treat medical symptoms (anxiolytics)

Question 32

Fire safety acronym

Answer 32

R- rescue patient A- alarm (pull alarm) C- contain (contain fire close doors, turn off oxygen) E- extinguish fire

Question 33

seizure safety

Answer 33

Safety.. Airway...suction oral secretions..turn on side post seiz...side lying.. Check vital signs .. Assess for injuries ..allow rest protect head

Question 34

aura

Answer 34

often a bight light smell or taste that is a warning to sense that a seizure is about to occur

Question 35

infection

Answer 35

the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease

Question 36

colonization

Answer 36

the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage

Question 37

communicable disease

Answer 37

the infectious process transmitted from one person to another

Question 38

symptomatic

Answer 38

clinical signs and symptoms are present

Question 39

asymptomatic

Answer 39

clinical signs and symptoms are not present

Question 40

What is the chain of infection?

Answer 40

infectious agent reservoir portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry susceptible host

Question 41

How do you break the chain of infection?

Answer 41

hand washing (infection happens when the chains intact, so prevent infection to break the chain)

Question 42

reservoir

Answer 42

source for pathogen growth, where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host

Question 43

what are some examples of frequent reservoirs

Answer 43

for HAI- healthcare workers, especially their hands, patients, equipment and environment

Question 44

human reservoirs

Answer 44

-those with acute symptomatic disease -those who show no signs of disease

Question 45

ideal temperature for human pathogen

Answer 45

20-43C (68-109F)

Question 46

preference pH range for microorganisms

Answer 46

5.0-7.0

Question 47

portal of exit

Answer 47

after microorganisms find a site to grow and multiply, the must find a portal of exit if they are to enter another host and cause disease

Question 48

what are examples of portals of exit

Answer 48

blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, GU tract, GI tract, transplacental (mother to fetus)

Question 49

what is the major route of transmission in the health care setting

Answer 49

-unwashed hands of the health care worker -equipment

Question 50

portal of entry

Answer 50

organisms enter the body through the same routes they use for exiting

Question 51

susceptible host

Answer 51

a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body defenses are weak

Question 52

infectious process (4 stages)

Answer 52

incubation period prodromal stage illness stage convalescence

Question 53

incubation period

Answer 53

the time interval between entrance of the pathogen and appearance of first symptoms

Question 54

prodromal stage

Answer 54

interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms

Question 55

illness stage

Answer 55

interval when patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection

Question 56

convalescence stage

Answer 56

interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear

Question 57

what supportive therapy helps defends the body against the infectious process

Answer 57

adequate nutrition rest

Question 58

normal flora

Answer 58

microorganisms that reside in the body and so not usually cause disease

Question 59

the use of broad spectrum antibiotics can cause

Answer 59

superinfection

Question 60

inflammation

Answer 60

a protective vascular reaction that delvers fluid, blood products, and nutrients to an area of injury

Question 61

what are the signs of localized inflammation

Answer 61

swelling, redness, heat, pain or tenderness, and loss of function in the affected body part

Question 62

exudates

Answer 62

fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

Question 63

serous exudate

Answer 63

clear, like plasma -normal progression of healing

Question 64

sanguineous exudate

Answer 64

containing red blood cells (bloody drainage)

Question 65

Health care-associated infections (HAIs)

Answer 65

Results from delivery of health services in a health care facility (can occur as the result of invasive procedures, antibiotic admin, presence of multidrug resistant organisms, and breaks infection prevention and control activates)

Question 66

what patients are a greater risk for HAIs

Answer 66

multiple illnesses older adults poorly nourished compromised immune system

Question 67

what are the types of HAIs

Answer 67

iatrogenic, exogenous, endogenous

Question 68

iatrogenic

Answer 68

from a procedure

Question 69

exogenous

Answer 69

from microorganisms outside the individual

Question 70

endogenous

Answer 70

when the patient's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results

Question 71

factors that influence infection prevention and control

Answer 71

age nutritional status stress disease process treatments or conditions that compromise the immune response

Question 72

localized infection

Answer 72

an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms (common areas of skin, mucous membrane breakdown, surgical traumatic wounds, pressure ulcers, oral lesions, abscesses)

Question 73

systemic infection

Answer 73

an infection throughout the body

Question 74

Increase in WBC indicates what

Answer 74

infection

Question 75

what increases risk for infection

Answer 75

imbalance nutrition impaires oral mucous membrane risk for impaired skin integrity social isolation impaired tissue integrity readiness for enhanced immunization status

Question 76

health promotion

Answer 76

Preventing an infection from developing or spreading

Question 77

acute care

Answer 77

Treating an infectious process includes eliminating the infectious organisms and supporting the patient's defenses

Question 78

asepsis

Answer 78

absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms

Question 79

medical asepsis

Answer 79

clean technique, includes procedures for reducing the number of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms

Question 80

Standard Precautions

Answer 80

recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood and body fluids

Question 81

when can you use alcohol based hand rub?

Answer 81

if your hands are not visibly soiled

Question 82

disinfection

Answer 82

A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores, from inanimate objects

Question 83

sterilization

Answer 83

the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores

Question 84

what factors influence the efficacy on disinfecting and sterilization methods?

Answer 84

concentration of solution type and number of pathogens surface areas to treat temperature of environment presence of soap presence of organic materials

Question 85

barrier precautions

Answer 85

appropriate use of gowns, gloves, masks, eyewear, devices

Question 86

contact precautions

Answer 86

practices used to prevent spread of disease by direct or indirect contact (gowns and gloves)

Question 87

Droplet precautions

Answer 87

Must be followed for a patient known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large-particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing. (surgical mask within 3 feet of the patient, proper hand hygiene)

Question 88

Airborne precautions

Answer 88

Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei. (negative air flow room, N95)

Question 89

Protective environment

Answer 89

Room with positive airflow. Used for highly susceptible, immunocompromised patient such as Transplant and gene therapy.

Question 90

what are the psychological implications of isolation?

Answer 90

loneliness because of lack of sisal relationship *take time to listen to patients concerns and issues

Question 91

surgical asepsis

Answer 91

sterile technique prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field for surgery

Question 92

When is surgical asepsis used?

Answer 92

Dressing changes Catheterizations Surgical procedures

Question 93

what is something a nurse should remember when looking at a sterile field

Answer 93

never turn their back of a sterile field open a sterile package on work area above waist level

Question 94

A sterile object remains sterile only

Answer 94

when touched by another sterile object

Question 95

Only sterile objects may

Answer 95

be placed on a sterile field

Question 96

A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a person's waist is

Answer 96

contaminated

Question 97

a sterile object or field becomes contaminated by

Answer 97

prolonged exposure to air

Question 98

body mechanics

Answer 98

coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems

Question 99

Body balance occurs when...

Answer 99

a relatively low center of gravity is balanced over a wide, stable base of support and a vertical line falls from the center of gravity through the base of support.

Question 100

Nurses use balance to maintain proper body alignment and posture through two simple techniques.

Answer 100

· First, widen the base of support by separating the feet to a comfortable distance. · Second, increase balance by bringing the center of gravity closer to the base of support.

Question 101

Physical activity (PA) is

Answer 101

any movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure.

Question 102

Safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM)

Answer 102

Involves improved assessment, the use of mechanical equipment, and safety procedures to lift and move patients -Nurses often provide care for immobilized patients whose position must be changed, who must be moved up in bed, or who must be transferred from a bed to a chair or from a bed to a stretcher.

Question 103

assessment for activity and exercise

Answer 103

o Ask questions related to the patient's exercise and activity tolerance to gather important information. o Assess the patient's expectations concerning activity and exercise and determining individual perceptions of what is normal or acceptable is of utmost importance in developing a plan of care.

Question 104

nursing diagnosis for activity and exercise

Answer 104

o Activity intolerance o Risk for injury o Impaired mobility in bed o Impaired mobility o Acute or chronic pain

Question 105

goal of activity and exercise in a patient

Answer 105

improve or maintain the patient's motor function and independence

Question 106

when using a cane

Answer 106

Have the patient keep the cane on the stronger side of the body.

Question 107

crutch gait

Answer 107

alternately bearing weight on one or both legs and on the crutches.

Question 108

restoration of activity and chronic illness

Answer 108

Coronary heart disease, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus (Exercise reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings)