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NSG 300 7-9 EXAM 11/9 > TOPIC 1 > Flashcards

TOPIC 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the health people 2020 goals?

A

-Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
-Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve the health of all groups
-Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
-Promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life stages

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2
Q

what are health beliefs?

A

a person’s ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness

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3
Q

what are the two types of health behaviors?

A

positive health behaviors
negative health behaviors

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4
Q

positive health behaviors

A

activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness

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5
Q

negative health behaviors

A

practices actually or potentially harmful to health (smoking, drug or alcohol abuse, poor diet and refusal to take necessary medications)

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6
Q

what are the 3 components of the health belief model?

A

-an individuals perception of susceptibility to an illness
-an individuals perception of serious of illness
-and the likelihood that a person will take preventative action

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7
Q

what is health promotion?

A

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health, INCREASING THE PATIENTS WELL BEING

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8
Q

what are the focuses of the health promotion model?

A
  1. Individual characteristics and experiences
  2. Behavior specific knowledge and effect
  3. Behavioral outcomes in which the patient commits to or changes behavior
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9
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

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10
Q

holistic health model

A

promote optimal health by considering emotional, spiritual, and physical wellbeing (body, mind, spirit)

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11
Q

what are INTERNAL variables that influence health belief and practices

A

developmental stage
intellectual background
perception of functioning
emotional factors
spiritual factors

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12
Q

what are External variables that influence health belies and practices

A

family practices
socioeconomic factors
cultural background

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13
Q

health promotion example

A

routine exercise and good nutrition

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14
Q

illness prevention example

A

immunization programs

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15
Q

wellness example

A

physical awareness, stress management, self-responsibility (mind, body, spirit)

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16
Q

what are the two types of health promotion activities

A

active and passive

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17
Q

passive health promotion

A

individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves

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18
Q

active health promotion

A

individuals adopt specific health program

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19
Q

what are the levels of preventative care

A

Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention

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20
Q

primary prevention

A

the only TRUE prevention; lowers the chances that a disease will develop (health education programs, immunizations, nutritional programs, and physical fitness activities)

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21
Q

secondary prevention

A

“when there is a problem/could be a problem and the things to help the issue and not make it worse”
o Focuses on those who have health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions (delivered in homes, hospitals or skilled nursing facilities)

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22
Q

tertiary prevention

A

Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible (also called preventative care because it involves preventing further disability or reduced functioning)

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23
Q

risk factors include:

A

o Genetic and physiologic factors
Ex: being overweight, heredity, genetic predisposition
o Age
o Environment
Where a person works, or lives can increase illness. Ex: hot, cold, overcrowding, air quality
o Lifestyle
Ex: sunbathing, prolonged stress, healthy/unhealthy diet

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24
Q

CHANGE model steps

A

precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance stage

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25
Q

precontemplation stage

A

no intention to change (not aware)

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26
Q

contemplation stage

A

considering a change within the next 6 months (thinking about change)

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27
Q

preparation stage

A

making a small change ( making a plan “I will stop smoking on this day”)

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28
Q

action stage

A

actively engaging in strategies to change behavior (take action)

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29
Q

maintenance stage

A

maintaining changes behavior (education!!)

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30
Q

what are things that are important for the maintenance stage/ lifestyle changes

A

active listening, assist in establishing patient goals
provide written educational resources
include family to provide support
have patient track adherence an provide positive reinforcement

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31
Q

illness

A

A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired

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32
Q

acute illness

A

short duration and severe
o Usually reversible, the symptoms appear abruptly, are intense, and often subside after a short period

33
Q

chronic illness

A

persists linger than 6 months
o Irreversible, affect function of more than one system

34
Q

internal variables of illness behavior

A

perception of illness and nature of illness

35
Q

external variables of illness behavior

A

Visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economics, and accessibility to health care

36
Q

Impact of Illness on the Patient and Family

A

-Illness is never an isolated life event. The patient and family deal with changes resulting from illness and treatment.
-People have many “roles” in life, illness can cause a person (or family) to adapt. Family dynamics often change

37
Q

vital sign measurement

A

indicates the effectiveness of circulatory, respiratory, neural and endocrine body functions

38
Q

Pain

A

a subjective symptom, also called the fifth vital sign

39
Q

Normal temperature normal range

A

96.8° to 100.4° F (36-38C)

40
Q

normal pulse normal range

A

60 to 100 beats/min, strong and regular

41
Q

normal BP normal range

A

Systolic: <120 mm Hg
Diastolic: <80 mm Hg

42
Q

pulse pressure normal range

A

30 to 50 mm Hg

43
Q

respiration normal range

A

12 to 20 breaths/min, deep and regular

44
Q

O2 saturation normal range

A

Normal: SpO2 > 95%

45
Q

elderly population temperature range

A

95° to 97°F (35-36)

46
Q

circadian rhythm and body temperature

A

Lowest temperature at 6 am and highest temperature at 4 pm in healthy people

47
Q

what are the factors that affect body temperature?

A

age, exercise, hormone level, circadian rhythm, stress, and environment

48
Q

exercise and body temperature

A

Increase blood supply and increase carb and fat breakdown. Increase heat production and body temperature

49
Q

hormone level and body temperature

A

Women experience greater fluctuation in body temperature than men (progesterone)

50
Q

what happens to metabolism and oxygen during a fever

A

Increase metabolism > more oxygen > if body can’t meet demand > hypoxia (inadequate oxygen)

51
Q

hyperthermia

A

elevated body temperature due to the body’s inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production

52
Q

s/s of hyperthermia

A

giddiness, confusion, delirium, excessive thirst, nausea, cramps, visual disturbances, elevated body temperature, increase HR, lowering of BP

53
Q

hypothermia

A

occurs with exposure to cold, the core body temperature drops, and the body is unable to compensate

54
Q

s/s of hypothermia

A

uncontrolled shivering, loss of memory, depression, poor judgement, HR, RR, and BP fall. Skin becomes cyanotic.

55
Q

A fever is usually not harmful if it stays below…

A

102.2

56
Q

fever “breaks” no fever

A

afebrile

57
Q

FUO

A

fever of unknown origin (fever with an undetermined cause)

58
Q

pyrogens

A

elevate body temperature, acting as antigens, triggering immune responses

59
Q

the hypothalamus and fever

A

-The hypothalamus raises the set point and the body conserves heat > chills fevers and feels cold.
-The hypothalamus set pot drops initiating heat loss response >skin becomes warm and flushed because of vasodilation

60
Q

pulse

A
  • Palpable bounding of blood flow in a peripheral artery
  • Indicator of circulatory status
61
Q

pulse rate

A

Number of pulsing sensations in 1 minute

62
Q

when the patient is in a worsens condition, where is pulse taken?

A

carotid

63
Q

When a patient takes medication that affects the HR, where should pulse be taken

A

the apical pulse provides a more accurate assessment of heart function.

64
Q

character of the pulse

A

rate, rhythm, strength, equality

65
Q

how do you document pulse strength?

A

(4); full or strong
(3); normal and expected
(2); diminished or barely palpable
(1); or absent
(0).

66
Q

ventilation

A

Assess ventilation by determining respiratory rate, depth, rhythm and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) value.

67
Q

diffusion

A

Assess diffusion and perfusion by determining oxygen saturation.

68
Q

mechanics of breathing

A

o Inspiration is an active process (diaphragm)
o Expiration is a passive process

69
Q

standard unit for measuring BP

A

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

70
Q

systolic pressure

A

The peak of maximum pressure when ejection occurs is the systolic pressure.

71
Q

diastolic

A

When the ventricles relax, the blood remaining in the arteries exerts a minimum or diastolic pressure. Diastolic pressure is the minimal pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times.

72
Q

pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

73
Q

as age advances, BP ….

A

tends to rise with advancing age

74
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139/80-89

75
Q

smoking and blood pressure

A

Smoking results in vasoconstriction, a narrowing of blood vessels. BP rises when a person smokes and returns to baseline about 15 minutes after stopping smoking.

76
Q

hypertension is associated with what in the arterial walls

A

thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls.

77
Q

why does hypotension occur

A

because of the dilation of the arteries in the vascular bed, the loss of a substantial amount of blood volume (e.g., hemorrhage), or the failure of the heart muscle to pump adequately (e.g., myocardial infarction).

78
Q

orthostatic hypotension happens when

A

a drop in systolic pressure by at least 20 mm Hg or a drop in diastolic pressure by at least 20 mm Hg within 3 minutes of rising to an upright position.

NSG 300 7-9 EXAM 11/9 (10 decks)

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