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Comsci > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonic for names of data sizes

A

By numerous boats, kill many gay, trans people

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2
Q

How much is a bit?

A

A singlar the binary digit

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3
Q

How much is a nibble?

A

Four bits

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4
Q

How much is a kilobyte?

A

1000 bytes

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5
Q

How many kilobytes in a megabyte?

A

1000

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6
Q

How many megabytes in a gigabyte?

A

1000

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7
Q

How many gigabytes in a terabyte?

A

1000

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8
Q

How many terabytes in a petabyte?

A

1000

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9
Q

What is an overflow error?

A

When a calculation has more than eight bits so causes an overflow

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10
Q

What happens to a Binary number one shifted left

A

Doubles

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11
Q

What happens to a binary number when it shifts

A

It divides by two

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12
Q

Which is the first number to turn into a letter in hexa decimal

A

10 and it is a

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13
Q

How to convert binary into hex

A

Split the byte into nibbles ( 8 into two 4s)
Convert nibbles into hex

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14
Q

What is ASCII

A

The most commonly used character set it consists of 128 characters including letters numbers and symbols and use a 7 bit binary code to identify each character

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15
Q

What is Unicode

A

Another character set that try’s to cover ever possible symbol or letter that could be written it covers all major languages

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16
Q

Formula for file size in bits for characters

A

Number of bits per character x number of characters

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17
Q

How are images stored

A

In a series of pixels represented by binary

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18
Q

How to increase number of colours in a photos?

A

Make a greater range of number of bits

19
Q

What is colour depth

A

Number of bits used for each pixel

20
Q

Formula for working out total number of colours in a photo

A

2^n where n = colour depth

21
Q

What is image resolution

A

The number of pixels in an image

22
Q

Formula for resolution

A

Width x height

23
Q

Formula to work out file size of an image

A

Image resolution x colour depth
Or
Width x height x colour depth

24
Q

What is metadata

A

The information stored in an image file which helps the computer recreate the image on screen from the binary data

25
Q

Example of meta data

A

File format
Height
Width
Colour depth
Resolution

26
Q

What is analogue

A

Data that is continuos and doesn’t not have fixed certain values

27
Q

What is digital data

A

Data that is stored as non continuous and it sorted on certain fixed values

28
Q

Which part of the computer converts data from analogue to digital

A

The analogue to digital converter

29
Q

What is sample rate

A

The amount of data taken per second

30
Q

What happens if the sample data is increased

A

Quality of audio increases

31
Q

What is bit depth in sound

A

The number of bit available for each sound

32
Q

How to calculate size of sound file

A

Sample rate x bit depth x length

33
Q

What would happen if sample depth was increased

A

Quieter sound would be picked up

34
Q

What is compression

A

Make file smaller while trying to make the compressed file as true to the original.

35
Q

Benefits of compression

A

Faster download
Takes up less storage space
Web pages load faster

36
Q

What is lossy compression

A

Compression where data is permanently removed from the file

37
Q

What is lossless compression

A

Makes the file smaller by temporarily removing data to store the file and then restores it when opened

38
Q

Pros of lossy

A

Greatly reduces file
Take up less bandwidth
Commonly used

39
Q

Cons if lossy

A

Looses data
Can’t be used on text or software as these files need to have all the data
Worse quality

40
Q

Pros of lossy

A

No reduction in qualified
Can be turned back ro original
Can be used on text and software

41
Q

Cons of lossless compression

A

Only slight reduction in size compared to lossy

42
Q

Example of lossy files

A

MP3
AAC
JPEG

43
Q

Examples of lossless files

A

FLAC
TIFF
PNG

Comsci (7 decks)

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