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Comsci > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer?

A

A machine that process data

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2
Q

What are the two things that make up computers?

A

Hardware and software

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3
Q

What is hardware?

A

The physical stuff that makes up your computer EG motherboard

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4
Q

What is software?

A

Software is the programs applications a computer system runs

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5
Q

What are the two types of computer system?

A

General and dedicated

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6
Q

What is a general computer?

A

Computers designed to take many tasks

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7
Q

What is a dedicated computer?

A

A computer design for one task

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8
Q

What is an embedded system?

A

Computers inside a larger system

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9
Q

Give me an example of an embedded system

A

Dishwasher (xx)

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the power supply?

A

To provide power to the hardware

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the case cooling fan?

A

To extract hot air from the computer case

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the CPU heatsink?

A

Keep the CPU at a steady temperature

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the CPU?

A

Does all the processing

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the motherboard?

A

The main circuit board were all the hardware is connected

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15
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central processing unit

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16
Q

What are the factors that change processing power of a CPU?

A

Clock speed
Number of cores
And cash size

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17
Q

What are the three main parts of a CPU?

A

The control unit
The arithmetic logic unit
The cash

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18
Q

What does the control unit do?

A

The control unit is an overall control. Its main job is to manage to fetching decoding an execution of program instructions by following the fetch execute cycle.
It controls the flow of data inside the CPU to all the registers and outside the CPU

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19
Q

What does the arithmetic logic unit do?

A

Does all the calculations
Does all the logic operations?

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20
Q

What does the cache do

A

The memory within the CPU its doors regular use data, receiver, you can access fast

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21
Q

What are the three levels of cache memory?

A

L1
L2
L3

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22
Q

Which is the fastest level of cache memory

A

L1

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23
Q

Which is the slowest level of cache memory

A

L3

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24
Q

Which cache and hold the least amount of data

A

L1

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25
Q

Which cache and hold the most amount of data

A

L3

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26
Q

What is Von Neumann’s design

A

Architecture of a CPU that runs programs, stored in memory programs, consist of instructions and data

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27
Q

Where is the program counter?

A

Inside the control unit

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28
Q

What is the purpose of the program counter?

A

The program counter holds the memory addresses of the instructions for each cycle

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29
Q

Where is the accumulator?

A

In the arithmetic and logic unit

30
Q

What is the purpose of the accumulator?

A

Stores immediate results of calculations

31
Q

Where is the memory address register?

A

In the registers

32
Q

What is the point of the memory address register?

A

Holds any addresses about to be used by the CPU

33
Q

Where is the memory data register?

A

In the registers

34
Q

What is the purpose of the memory data register?

A

Holds the actual data or instructions that may have been fetch from memory or waiting to be written into memory

35
Q

What is the fetch execute cycle?

A

The cycle that the computer follows to get data, decode data and execute the code

36
Q

What is stage one of the fetch execute cycle?

A

The fetch instruction

37
Q

What happens in the fetch instruction?

A

Copy memory address from the program counter to the memory address register
Copy the instructions, stored in the memory address register to the memory data register
Increase the program counter by one

38
Q

What happens in the decode instruction of the fetch execute cycle?

A

The instruction in the memory data register is decoded by the control unit, the control unit them prepares for the next step

39
Q

What happens in the execute instruction of the fetch execute cycle?

A

The instruction is performed

40
Q

What is Ram?

A

High-speed volatile memory

41
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random access memory

42
Q

What happens when a computer runs out of ram?

A

Creates virtual memory in secondary storage

43
Q

What is clock speed?

A

The number of instructions are you single process of caulking carry out per second

44
Q

What is overclocking?

A

When the CPU is made to run faster than the factory clock setting

45
Q

What are the cores in a cpu

A

It allows the computer to multitask
More cores mean more tasks can be done at the same time

46
Q

What would more cores allow for?

A

More instructions to be processed at once

47
Q

What would and increase in cache size do?

A

Allow the cpu to run faster as it is can get data more quickly

48
Q

How does more ram make the CPU smoother?

A

Allows the CPU to grab data more quickly

49
Q

What is the function of a GPU?

A

They are specialised circuits for handling graphics and images. Processing

50
Q

What is primary storage?

A

The memory areas the CPU can access quickly like registers, ROM and RAM

51
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

Is nonvolatile storage where all the data is stored when not in use

52
Q

What is a hard disk?

A

High capacity , reliable storage they are the traditional internal storage is for PC and laptop

53
Q

What’s a hard drive is made up of

A

Magnetic discs

54
Q

What is a solid state drive?

A

Fast and reliable, secondary storage with no moving parts

55
Q

Advantages of hard drives

A

Cheaper
Higher capacity
Hiya, read write life

56
Q

Advantages of SSD

A

Faster
Don’t need defragmenting
More shock proof
Make less noise

57
Q

What is an optical disc?

A

A disc like a cd or DVD that can hold data

58
Q

What are the three where is the optical discs come?

A

Read only
Write once
Rewritable

59
Q

What are magnetic tape used for?

A

Archiving

60
Q

What does the operating system do?

A

Communicate with a total of external hardware via drivers
Provide a user interface, allowing users to interact with computers
Provide a platform for different applications to run
I love the computer to multitask by controlling memory resources and the CPU
Deal with fire management and disc management

61
Q

What is a user interface?

A

And interface that allows a user to interact with a computer system

62
Q

What are the two types of interface?

A

Graphical user interface
Command, lines face

63
Q

What are the benefits of a graphical user interface?

A

Easy to use
Optimised for specific input methods
Intuitive

64
Q

What does wimp stand for?

A

Windows icons, menus and pointers

65
Q

What is a command line interface?

A

A text based interface with a user enters specific commands to complete tasks

66
Q

Benefits of command line interface

A

Less resource, heavy
Can access all settings easily
And efficient

67
Q

What is defragmentation?

A

The process of storing like data on a hard drive close together

68
Q

How does defragmentation speed up the hard drive?

A

Read ahead has to move l less

69
Q

What is encryption?

A

Encryption software scrambles the data to stop third parties from accessing

70
Q

Name some utility software

A

Defragmentation
Compression
Encryption

Comsci (7 decks)

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