Topic 1B- More biological molecules Flashcards
is DNA and RNA a type of nucleic acid
yes
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
what does ribonucleic acid shorten to
RNA
what is RNAs main function
to transfer genetic information to the ribosomes from DNA
what do ribosomes do with the RNA
read it and make polypeptides
what is a monomer of DNA
nucleotides
what are the components of a nucleotide
phosphate, pentose sugar and a (nitrogen containing) base
how do nucleotides join up
condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one and a sugar group of another
what bond is between two nucleotides
ester bond
what does a phosphodiester bond consist of
phosphate group and two ester bobds
what does the chain of sugar and phosphate make
a sugar-posphate backbone
what shape is DNA
double helix
haw many strands are in DNA
2
does every nucleotide in DNA have all the same components of a nucleotide
no, the base is different
what are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA
adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
what is adenine complementary to (in DNA)
thymine
what is guanine complementary to
cytosine
how many hydrogen bonds are between A and T
2
how many hydrogen bonds are between C and G
3
do the strads in DNA run parallel to one another
no, antiparallel
what are the 4 bases in RNA
adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine
what is adenine complementary to in RNA
uracil
out of all the bases what are purines
adenine and guanine
out of all the bases what are pyrimidines
thymine, cytosine and uracil
how many strands on polynucleotides are in RNA
1
what stands are shorter, RNA or DNA
RNA
does RNA contain a deoxyribose sugar
no, just ribiose
what are ribosomes made from
RNA and proteins
what does DNA store
genetic information
