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biology > Topic 1A- Biological molecules > Flashcards

Topic 1A- Biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

how do we know that we all desended from a common ansestor

A

we all have the same biochemisty, all contain the ame group og carbon-based compounds that interact in a similar way

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2
Q

what is a monomer

A

make up polymers

e.g monosaccharide

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3
Q

what is a polymer

A

chain of monomers

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4
Q

how do you make a polymer

A

condensation reactions, removal of a molecule of water to monomers

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5
Q

how do you break down polymers

A

hydrolysis reactions, the addition of a water molecules

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6
Q

what are the monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose and galactose

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7
Q

what type not sugar is glucose

A

hexose

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8
Q

what are alpha and beta types of

A

glucose

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9
Q

what are isomers

A

molecules either the same molecular formula as each other but the atoms are connected differently

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9
Q

what is the difference between alpha and beta glucose

A

the right H2O group are reversed, H is at the top for A glucose

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10
Q

what forms when two monosaccharides join together

A

disaccharide

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11
Q

how are monosaccharides formed and what bond is between them

A

condensation reaction and a glycosidic bond

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12
Q

what are sugars classified as

A

reducing or non-reducing

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13
Q

how do you test for reducing sugars

A

add Benedict’s reagent to a sample and then heat up in a hot water bath that’s been brought to the boil

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13
Q

what is a positive result for reducing sugars

A

green/yellow/orange/brick red, any solids will suspend in the solution

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14
Q

what alters the colour of the solution after being tested

A

the concentration

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15
Q

how can you compare amounts of reducing sugars more accurately

A

filter the solution and weigh the precipitate, or remove precipitate and use a colorimeter to measure the absorbence of the reaming benedict’s reagent

16
Q

test for non-reducing sugars

A

add dilute HCl acid to solution and heat in a hot water bath. neutralise the solution by adding sodium hydrogencarbonate. then heat with benedict’s reagent

17
Q

positive result for non-reducing sugars

A

green/yellow/orange/brick red

18
Q

what are the three polysaccharides

A

starch, glycogen and cellulose

19
Q

ow do plants store excess glucose

A

starch

20
Q

what is starch a mixture of

A

amylose and amylopectin

21
Q

what is amylose

A

long unbranched chain of alpha glucose

22
Q

what shape do the glycosidic bonds form for amylose

A

coiled/helix

23
Q

why is a helix shape for amylose useful

A

better for storage and can fit into small places

24
Q

what shape is amylopectin

A

long, branched chain of alpha glucose

25
Q

why is the branched shape of amylopectin helpful

A

the enzyme can easily break the bonds quickly

26
Q

does starch affect water potential?

A

no, its insoluble

27
Q

how do aimals store glucose

A

gycogen

28
Q

what is glycogen a polysaccharide of

A

alpha glucose

29
Q

does glycogen have more branches than amylopectin

A

yes, many more

30
Q

why is the branched molecule needed for animals to release energy quicker

A

they need to maintain a body heat, therefore more branches mean more energy released quicker

31
Q

what is cellulose made from

A

beta glucose

32
Q

what shape does cellulose make

A

straight chains

33
Q

what are the cellulose chains joined by

A

hydrogen bonds

34
Q

what are joined chains of cellulose called

A

microfibrils

35
Q

what does strong cellulose fibres provide

A

provides support

36
Q

what test do you do for the presence of starch in a solution

A

iodine test

37
Q

what is the iodine test

A

add iodine dissolved in potassium iodide to the solution

38
Q

positive result of iodine test

A

sample changes from browny-orange colour to a dark blue colour

biology (9 decks)

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