Topic 1B Configure SOHO Networks Flashcards
Define a LAN.
Network scope restricted to a single geographic location and owned and managed by a single organization.
What does SOHO stand for?
Small office/home office
What does LAN stand for?
Local Area Network
What does WAN stand for?
Wide Area Network
Define a WAN.
Network scope that spans a large geographical area, incorporating more than one site and often a mix of different media types and protocols plus the use of public telecommunications networks.
What is one of the primary functions of the SOHO router?
To forward traffic between the LAN and the WAN.
Describe the LAN ports on the SOHO router.
A number of RJ-45 ports (typically four) usually labeled as the LAN ports.
What are the LAN ports on a SOHO router for?
To connect hosts on the LAN via cables.
What are the antennas on the SOHO router for?
To send and receive wireless signals.
What is the WAN port for on the SOHO router?
It is to connect to the ISP’s network.
At the the data link layer of the SOHO router, how are devices recognized?
The MAC address.
When servicing wireless and cabled hosts on a SOHO router, what layer, and what type of network are the devices on?
Data link, layer 2 LAN.
How does the wireless access point work on a SOHO router?
WAP is internally wired to the Ethernet switch.
How do the LAN ports work on a SOHO router?
The RJ-45 jacks are connected internally to an Ethernet switch.
How does a wireless network and an Ethernet network work together on the same SOHO router?
The WAP and Ethernet are wired to the same switch internally, forming a bridge between the cabled and wireless segments, creating a single logical local network.
At the the network layer of the SOHO router, how are devices recognized?
IP addresses.
The SOHO router runs a DHCP server, what is this for?
It allocates unique addresses to each host that connects to it over either an Ethernet port or via the wireless access point.
How does the SOHO router’s DHCP server name the hosts on the layer 3 network?
The addresses assigned to clients use the same first three octets as the router’s address: 192.168.1. The last octet can be any value from 1 to 254, excluding whichever value is used by the SOHO router.
What kind of IP address does the LAN side of the SOHO router have?
Private.
What kind of IP address does the WAN side of the SOHO router have?
Public.
What happens when a host on the SOHO routers’ LAN tries to access any valid IP address outside the LAN’s IP range?
The SOHO router forwards that packet over its WAN interface and directs any replies back to the host on the LAN.
Network security is essentially what?
It is essentially matter of allowing or preventing devices, users, and services (applications) from using the network.
What is the perimeter of the SOHO network?
The WAN interface is the network perimeter.
What can the SOHO router do to increase network security?
The SOHO router can apply filtering rules to traffic sent between the public and private zones, by using its firewall.
The firewall can be configured to block traffic based on what?
Source or destination IP addresses and also on the type of application.
At the the transport layer of the SOHO router, how are applications recognized?
Port numbers.
What can the SOHO router do to increase network security with its ports.
It can specify rules for each port.
Any host can connect to the RJ-45 ports on the SOHO router and join the network, true or false?
True.
What connects the SOHO router to the internet?
The WAN interface of the SOHO router connects it to the Internet.
What does PSTN stand for?
Public Switched Telephone Network.
What is the PSTN?
A Global network connecting national telecommunications systems.
What does CPE stand for?
Customer Premises Equipment.
What is CPE?
Any termination and routing equipment placed at the customer site.
What is the demarcation point, or demarc?
The point at which the telco’s cabling enters the customer premises.
What does the major infrastructure of the internet consist of?
High bandwidth trunks connecting Internet eXchange Points. Within an IXP datacenter.
What does IXP stand for?
Internet eXchange Point.
How do ISPs carry traffic around the internet.
ISPs establish links between their networks, using transit and peering arrangements to carry traffic to and from parts of the internet they do not physically own.
How are ISPs arranged as far as transit?
There is a tiered hierarchy of ISPs that reflects to what extent they depend on transit arrangements with other ISPs.
What does IANA stand for?
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
What is IANA’s website address?
iana.org
What does IANA do?
It manages allocation of IP addresses and maintenance of the top-level domain space. IANA allocates addresses to regional registries who then allocate them to local registries or ISPs.
What does ICANN stand for?
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
Who runs IANA?
IANA is currently run by ICANN.
What does IETF stand for?
Internet Engineering Task Force.
What is IETF’s website address?
ietf.org
What does IETF do?
focuses on solutions to Internet problems and the adoption of new standards, published as Requests for Comments (RFCs).
Where is the official repository for RFCs located at .
rfc-editor.org
What do RFCs describe?
Some RFCs describe network services or protocols and their implementation, while others summarize policies. Not all RFCs describe standards. Some are designated informational, while others are experimental.
Are older RFCs updated?
No, if changes are required, a new RFC is published with a new number.
What does hexadecimal mean?
Relating to or using a system of numerical notation that has 16 rather than 10 as its base.
What does decimal mean?
Relating to or denoting a system of numbers and arithmetic based on the number ten.
What does Base 10 mean?
Base 10 means that each digit can have one of ten possible values (0 through 9).
In Base 10, A digit positioned to the left of another has how much more value times the value of the digit to the right.
A digit positioned to the left of another has 10 times the value of the digit to the right.
What does Base 2 mean?
In Base 2, a digit in any given position can only have one of two values (0 or 1).
In Base 2, A digit positioned to the left of another has how much more value times the value of the digit to the right.
A digit positioned to the left of another has 2 times the value of the digit to the right.
How many binary digits does it take to represent a decimal value up to 255.
It takes 8 binary digits to represent a decimal value up to 255.
8 binary digits would be called what?
An octet.
How many bits in an octet?
8 bits.
How many bytes are in an octet?
1 byte.
How many bits are in an IP address?
32 bits.
How many bytes are in an IP address?
4 bytes.
How many octets are in an IP address?
4 octets.
How many nibbles in an octet?
2 nibbles.
How many nibbles are in an byte?
2 nibbles.
How many nibbles are in an IP address?
8 nibbles
Why is hexadecimal notation (or hex) used?
It is a convenient way of referring to the long sequences of bytes used in some other types of network addresses.
What is Base 16?
Hex is base 16 with the possible values of each digit represented by the numerals 0 through 9 and the characters A, B, C, D, E, and F.
