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GCSE Physics > Topic 1a - Energy Transfers > Flashcards

Topic 1a - Energy Transfers Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is energy stored?

A

When energy is transferred to an object, the energy is stored in one of the object’s energy stores.

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2
Q

What are 8 energy stores?

A
  • Kinetic
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
  • Gravitational Potential
  • Elastic Potential
  • Electrostatic
  • Magnetic
  • Nuclear
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3
Q

What is a system?

A

A system is an object or group of objects.

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4
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave. The net change in the total energy of a closed system is always zero.

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5
Q

What happens when a system changes?

A

Energy is transferred. It can be transferred, into or away from a system, between different objects in the system, or between different energy stores.

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6
Q

What are the 3 main types of energy and what do they mean?

A
  • Kinetic energy - energy of an object that is in motion.
  • Potential energy - energy that has the potential to be converted into another form of energy. Eg, gravitational potential energy or elastic potential energy.
  • Heat/Thermal energy - something that gives out heat or becomes hot, normally due to the presence of a frictional force.
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7
Q

What are 6 other examples of energy, that aren’t the main 3?

A
  • Solar energy
  • Nuclear energy
  • Hydroelectric energy
  • Chemical energy
  • Tidal energy
  • Wave energy
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8
Q

What is the law/principal of conservation of energy? (2)

A
  • In a closed system, the total energy before a process is the same as the total energy after the process.
  • Energy can never be created or destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another, and stored/dissipated.
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9
Q

What do all objects in motion have?

A

Kinetic energy

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10
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A
  • KE = 1/2 m v(2)
  • KE - energy in joules, J
    v - speed in m/s
    m - mass in Kg
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11
Q

What does gravitational potential energy depend on?

A

How far up/down an object is relative to the ground or another surface. The further up an object is, the larger its gravitational potential energy.

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12
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A
  • GPE = mgh
  • m - mass in Kg
    g - gravitational field strength in N/kg
    h - height in metres, m
    GPE - in joules, J
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13
Q

What is the gain in GPE equal to?

A

The work done in lifting.

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14
Q

What happens when objects are released from a height/when they lose height?

A

The GPE is converted into KE, provided there is no work done against friction.

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15
Q

Where is elastic potential energy/strain stored?

A

In a spring, or something of a similar nature.

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16
Q

What is the equation for elastic potential energy/strain?

A
  • elastic PE = 1/2 k e(2)
    OR
  • elastic PE = 1/2 F e (because F = ke)
  • k - spring constant in N/m
    e - extension of spring in m
    elastic Pe - joules, J
17
Q

What is the equation for power?

A
  • Power = energy transferred / time taken
    P = E/t
  • P - power in watts, W
    E - energy transferred in joules, J
    t - time in s
18
Q

What is 1 watt equal to?

A

An energy transfer of 1 joule per second is equal to a power of 1 watt.
1W = 1J / 1s

19
Q

What is another way to calculate power?

A
  • P = work done / time taken
  • P = Fd / t = F x (d/t) => avg speed
  • P = Fv
    When the speed and force are constant/average.
  • P - power in W
    F - force in N
    v - avg speed in m/s
20
Q

What can power also be defined as?

A

The rate of transfer of energy.

21
Q

What is efficiency?

A

The amount of useful energy in relation to the input energy.
OR
The ratio between the useful power and the input power.

22
Q

How is efficiency calculated - energy terms?

A

efficiency = (useful energy out / total energy in) x 100

23
Q

How is efficiency calculated - power terms?

A

efficiency = (useful power out / total power in) x 100

24
Q

What is efficiency given as?

A

A percentage.

GCSE Physics (8 decks)

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