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Pharma 1- Semmelweis > Topic 18-Metronidazole. Fidaxomycine. Rifaximin. Urinary antiseptic. Phosphomycine > Flashcards

Topic 18-Metronidazole. Fidaxomycine. Rifaximin. Urinary antiseptic. Phosphomycine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole

A

It inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells.

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2
Q

Spectrum of Metronidazole

A 
Anaerobe bacteria (including B. fragilis and clostridia)
Protozoa (trichomonas, G. Lamblia, amoeba, gardnella vaginalis
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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Metronidazole

A 
Administerd IV, oral, topical 3x day
Good absorption
wide distribution (CNS and abcesses)
Metabolized in liver
Excreted in bile
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4
Q

Clinical use of Metronidazole

A

Anaerobic or mixed intra-abdominal infection
Vaginitis
Clostridium dificile induced colits (IV or oral)
Brain abscesses
Extraluminal amebiases

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5
Q

Adverse effects of Metronidazole

A

Nausea, metallic taste, diarrhea
Headache, dizziness, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy
Alcohol interolerance (disulfiram life effect)

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6
Q

What are the two Urinary Antiseptics

A

Nitrofurans and Phosphomycin

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7
Q

What drug is included in the nitrofurans

A

nitrofurantoin

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of nitrofurantoin

A

The drug works by damaging bacterial DNA, since its reduced form is highly reactive.

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9
Q

Nitrofurantoin spectrum

A

E. coli and E. faecalis

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10
Q

Nitrofurantoin kinetics

A

High concentration in the urine

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11
Q

Indication of Nitrofurantoin

A

uncomplicated lower UTI (pregnancy, children, and cases of reistance)

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12
Q

Adverse effects of Nitrofurantoin

A

Vomiting
Acute hypersensitve pulmonary reaction
Neuropathies

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Phosphomycin

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor and inhibits the first step in the formation of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid

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14
Q

Spectrum of action for phosphomycin

A

broad spectrum

staph, klebsiella, proteus, e. coli

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15
Q 
Pharmacokinetics of phosphomycin
Administered
Absorption
Accumulates
Indications
A 
Oral or parenteral
Good absorption
Builds up systemically
Accumulates in urine
Behaves like urinary antiseptic
-used in UTI
-used in pregnancy
-not children
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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of rifaximin?

A

interferes with transcription by binding to the β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase

17
Q

Spectrum for rifaximin

A 
Gram positive (staph, strep, entero)
Gram negaice (moderate action against intestine bacteria, but does not absorb from GI)
18
Q

Administration of rifaximin

A

Oral

19
Q

Indication for rifaximin

A

Hepatic encephalopathy, prophlyaxis before colorectal surgery, and acute enteritis and colitis

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Fidaxomicin

A

Fidaxomicin binds to and prevents movement of the “switch regions” of bacterial RNA polymerase

21
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

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Pharma 1- Semmelweis (16 decks)

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