Topic 13-Aminoglycosides

Question 1

Mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides

Answer 1

Inside the cell they bind irreversibly to the 30s ribosomal subunit

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics of Aminoglycosides
Bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Time/Concentration/Other dependent?
Dosing
Distribution
Excretion
Accumulation

Answer 2

Bactericidal
Depends on maximum concentration
Dose is one larger does daily
Poor tissue penetration (low inside absorption in CNS, bronchial secretion, prostatic tissue, GI tract)
Excreted in the kidneys
Accumulates in organ of Corti and renal cortex

Question 3

Aminoglycoside spectrum

Answer 3

Main indication:gram negative aerobic infections
Excellent activity against Gram negative aerobes, multidrug resistant (pseudomona aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter species
Moderate acitivity: gram positive cocci
No activity: anaerobes, intracellular pathogens, spirochetes

Question 4

Aminoglycosides synergistic with which drug?

Answer 4

beta-lactams (especially important in treating enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium)

Question 5

Aminoglycosides indications

Answer 5

UTI, in combination for endocarditis and severe noscomial infection

Question 6

Aminoglycoside drug names (8)

Answer 6

Gentamicin, Tobracmycin, paromomycin, amikacin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, neomycin, kanamycin

Question 7

Streptomycin is used for?

Answer 7

second line tuberculosis drug and to treat brucellosis, tularemia, and plague

Question 8

Adverse effect of aminoglycosides

Answer 8

1. )Neprotoxicity (reversible, monitor kidney lab values)
2. )Ototoxicity (irreversible, related to high peak plasma levels during treatment, can’t give to pregnant women)
3. )Neuromusclar blockade (neostigmine can reverse this)
4. )Allergic reaction

Question 9

What is amikacin used for?

Answer 9

pseudomonas aeruignosa