Topic 14 pt 1: Population Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

In population genetics we study the distribution of genetic variation…

A

Within and between populations of species

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2
Q

Measure genetic variation within populations by calculating…

A

Allele frequencies, genotype frequencies, heterozygozity

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3
Q

Evolution happens at the

A

population level

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4
Q

Evolution definition from a genetics view

A

changes in allele frequencies form one generation to the next within a population

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5
Q

How do we calculate genotypic frequencies

A

Number of individuals with the genotype divided by total number of individuals in sample

f(AA) = #AA individuals / N

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6
Q

Slide 8

A

Genotype frequency calculations ex

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7
Q

How do we calculate allelic frequency

A

Number of copies of a particular allele present in a sample divided by total number of alleles

Freq of allele = #copies of alleles / # copies of all alleles at locus in a pop

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8
Q

What are p and q

A

p = freq of allele one
q = freq of allele two

p + q = 1

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9
Q

p =

A

p = 2(nAA) + (nAa) / 2ntotal

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10
Q

Slides 10, 11

A

Allelic freq calculation

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11
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation? What does it model

A

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Models genotype freqs from one generation to the next in absence of evolutionary forces

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12
Q

What remains constant in the absence of evolution

A

Amount of genetic variation in a randomly mating population over generations

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13
Q

Assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle

A
  1. Individuals have to be randomly mating
  2. Infinitely large population -> no genetic drift
  3. No new mutations
  4. No migration
  5. No selection -> natural selection
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14
Q

Four forces of evolution

A

Genetic drift, migration, mutation, natural selection

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15
Q

Predictions of HWE

A
  1. Allelic freqs of pop do not change
  2. Genotypic freqs stabilize after one generation in proportions p2 + 2pq + p2 =1
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16
Q

Slides 14-16

A

HWE