topic 1.4

Question 1

minimal tissue damage, the cells recover within a short period

Answer 1

resolution

Question 2

damaged tissue is replaced by identical tissue from nearby cells. sometimes this will alter the tissues overall function

Answer 2

regeneration

Question 3

extensive tissue damage, the tissue is replaced by connective tissue. these tissue cells are incapable of regeneration

Answer 3

replacement

Question 4

describe first intention healing

Answer 4

a healing process where the wound is clean, free of foreign material and necrosis and the wound can be held together with minimal gap

Question 5

describe second intention healing

Answer 5

healing where there is a large break in the tissue, significant inflammation, a long healing period and lots of scar tissue

Question 6

define collagen

Answer 6

a protein commonly found in connective tissue and a basic component found in scar tissue

Question 7

functional cells within tissue

Answer 7

parenchyma

Question 8

the process of cleaning debris and dead cells from an injured site

Answer 8

debridement

Question 9

epithelial layer growing under clot to bridge the wound gap

Answer 9

epithelialisation

Question 10

new connective tissue growing into the wound that is bright red in colour

Answer 10

granulation

Question 11

excessive scar tissue that grows beyond the wound edge

Answer 11

keloid scar

Question 12

scar tissue that remains within wound margins

Answer 12

hypertrophic scar

Question 13

development of new blood vessels

Answer 13

angiogenesis

Question 14

explain the inflammatory phase of the healing process?

Answer 14

1. blood clot forms to seal off wound = scab
2. blood vessels dilate, immune cells enter wound area, clear dead cells and potential infection

Question 15

explain the proliferative phase of the healing process?

Answer 15

1. fibroblasts form granulation tissue and secrete growth factors
2. new blood vessels develop
3. epithelial cells form around wound edge, enabling wound contraction
4. fibroblasts lay down collagen and extracellular matrix, which provides scaffolding for new tissue

Question 16

explain the remodelling phase of the healing process?

Answer 16

1. starts about 3 weeks post-injury
2. granulation tissue transitions to scar tissue, this becomes avascular (no blood supply)
3. collagen retracts, scar gradually fades, returning tissue close to original state

Question 17

name some factors that promote healing

Answer 17

• youth
• good nutrition
• adequate haemoglobin
• effective circulation

Question 18

name some factors that delay healing

Answer 18

• advanced age
• poor nutrition
• dehydration
• anaemia
• use of chemotherapy and glucocorticoids