topic 1.1 Flashcards
the study of how disease and illness alter body function
pathophysiology
the study of the cause of a disease
aetiology
the study of patterns of disease within populations
epidemiology
reduction in cell size
atrophy
reduction/inadequate blood flow to organ or tissue
ischaemia
tissue death (necrosis) from complete deprivation of blood supply to tissue
infarction
state of low oxygen
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen in blood
hypoxaemia
development of a disease
pathogenesis
number of new cases of a disease diagnosed within a period
incidence
total number of cases of a disease at a particular time
prevalence
increase in cell size
hypertrophy
increase in cell number
hyperplasia
transition from one cell type to another
metaplasia
variation in size and shape of cells in tissue
dysplasia
form of programmed cell death
apoptosis
form of unprogrammed cell death in living tissue
necrosis
what mnemonic is used for the stressors that cells can encounter?
HATING - the cell will be HATING these stressors as they can cause injury
what does the HATING mnemonic stand for?
H - hypoxia and ischaemia
A - ageing
T - toxins or trauma
I - infections, viruses, bacteria, fungi
N - nutritional deficits
G - genetic
what are the two types of irreversible injury that can occur to a cell?
apoptosis and necrosis
name the different types of cell adaptations
- increase or decrease in size
- increase in cell number
- change structure or type of cell
what happens to a cell experiencing apoptosis?
- the cell shrinks, membrane stays intact
- cell breaks into small balls to be dissolved/eaten by macrophages
- no inflammation occurs
what happens to a cell during necrosis?
- cell loses ability to control what goes in and out of cell
- cell swells and cell membrane breaks, spilling contents onto tissue of area
- this irritates tissue and causes inflammation to affected area
is necrosis a pathogenic process?
yes, it is. This is because it causes cell membrane contents to spill into the body and causes inflammation
