topic 12- what are animals?

Question 1

animals are ___ eukaryotes

Answer 1

multicellular

Question 2

animal bodies are held together by an ____ ___ composed of structural proteins such as ____

Answer 2

extracellular matrix (ECM)
collagen

Question 3

true tissues are separated by ___ ___

Answer 3

membrane layers

Question 4

animals are ____trophic and capable of ___ in at least one stage of life cycle

Answer 4

chemoheterotrophic

movement

Question 5

What do hox genes do?

Answer 5

control anterior –> posterior developmental sequence of embryo
(differentiation of genes)

Question 6

diploid zygote undergoes ___cell divisions (cleavage) –> 8 cell stage –> (cleavage) —>____(hollow ball)—> (gastrulation) –> _____

Answer 6

mitotic
blastula
gastrula

Question 7

during development, ___ ___ give rise to tissues & organs of the animal embryo

Answer 7

germ layers

Question 8

protostomes have ___ cleavage, and ____ cells

deuterostomes have ___ cleavage and ____ cells

Answer 8

spiral, determinant

radial, indeterminant (remain stem cells for longer)

Question 9

Protostomia: the first invagination of the ___ becomes the ___
-Deuterostomia: the 2nd invagination of the ___ becomes the ___

Answer 9

• gastrula(blastopore), mouth

- gastrula, mouth (first is anus)

Question 10

Give examples of indirect and direct development in animals

Answer 10

• direct: human (embryo gradually straight to adult form)

- indirect: caterpillar –> butterfly

Question 11

eumetazoan are animals with ____

- ___ are the outgroup (animals without true tissues- metazoan)

Answer 11

true tissues

porifera

Question 12

radiata are _____( have __ embryonic germ layers)

Answer 12

diploblastic (2)

Question 13

bilaterian are _____(have __ embryonic germ layers)

Answer 13

triploblastic (3)

Question 14

____ animals are often sessile

_____ animals often move actively and have a central nervous system

Answer 14

radial

bilateral

Question 15

define cephalization

Answer 15

in bilateral animals

- concentration of sensory organs in head (adapted for forward movement)

Question 16

Radial animals have a ___ nervous system

bilateral animals have a ___ nervous system

Answer 16

nerve net

central (CNS)

Question 17

most triploblastic animals have a fluid-filled ___ ___ (___) which is derived from the mesoderm

Answer 17

body cavity (coelom)

Question 18

define a pseudocoelomate

Answer 18

animals lack complete mesodermal lining, have a pseudo coelom

Question 19

triploblastic animals that lack a body cavity are called ____

Answer 19

acoelomates

Question 20

list 3 functions of a coelom

Answer 20

1. cushions internal organs from blows to outside body
2. allows internal organs to shift w/o deforming outside of body
3. fluid-filled cavity can be used a a hydrostatic skeleton

Question 21

animalia is ___phyletic

Answer 21

mono

Question 22

___are the basal animal of animals (least ___)

Answer 22

sponges

derived