Topic 1.2: Ultrastructure of Cells Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic cells have _____ organelles
Membrane-bound
What are the 3 main functions of multicellular organisms?
1) made up of many cells fused together
2) different cell types that interact to function
3) cells interact with each other to give living things properties
What are the most distinctive characteristics of prokaryotes?
- Have the simplest smallest cell structure
- First organisms to evolve on earth
What is special about prokaryote’s cell walls?
Prokaryotes have an extra-strong cell wall to protect the cell and keep its shape
What are the organelles found in prokaryotes?
Pilli Flagella Ribosomes Plasma membrane Nucleoid
What is Pili?
Tendrils that allow a cell to grab/attach to things
What is Flagella?
Long strands that allow for movement
What are ribosomes?
Synthesize proteins
What is the plasma membrane?
Separates the inside from the outside
What is the nucleoid?
The area with DNA
What are the organelles found in eukaryotic animal cell? State their functions.
- Cell/Plasma membrane: Cont
- Nucleus
- Rough ER
- 80s Ribosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosome
- Vacuole/Vesicles
- Microtubules
- Centrioles
- Cilia and flagella
- Mitochondria
What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?
It is responsible for PROCESSING proteins and putting them in vesicles to transport out of the cell
What is the Lysosome responsible for?
They are vesicles with digestive enzymes that break down materials
What are Vacuoles/vesicles responsible for?
They store and transport material inside and outside the cell. (Plantas have a unique large vacuole=central vacuole)
