Topic 12 - Mutation and Gene Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Alternative Splicing

A

A regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins.

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2
Q

Gene Duplication

A

A major mechanism by which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.

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3
Q

Pseudogenes

A

Dysfunctional relatives of genes that have lost their protein coding ability or are otherwise no longer expressed in the cell.

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4
Q

Gene Rearrangement

A

A structural alteration of a chomosome that causes a change in the order of its loci.

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5
Q

Divergence

A

A process by which two or more populations of ancestral species accumulate mutations through time, often after the populations have become reproductively isolated for some period of time.

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6
Q

Mutagen

A

A physical or chemical agent that changes genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.

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7
Q

Somatic Mutation

A

A genetic alteration that can be passed on to the progeny of the mutated cell in the course of cellular division.

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8
Q

Germline Mutation

A

Any detectable and heritable variation in the lineage of germ cells.

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9
Q

Descent with Modification

A

The process by which an organism inherits variations in traits that may or may not influence the organisms ability to survive and reproduce.

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10
Q

Extinction

A

The termination of a species.

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11
Q

Exon Shuffling

A

The formation of new genes in which two or more exons from different genes can be brought together.

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