Topic 10 - Translation and Mutation

Question 1

Amino Acid

Answer 1

The monomer of polypeptides.

Question 2

Codon

Answer 2

A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA.

Question 3

Anti-Codon

Answer 3

A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a tRNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon mRNA.

Question 4

Start-Codon

Answer 4

The first codon of an mRNA molecule transcript to be translated by a ribosome.

Question 5

Stop Codon

Answer 5

A nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals a termination in translation.

Question 6

Peptide Bond

Answer 6

A chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, release a water molecule.

Question 7

Polypeptide

Answer 7

Chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

A permanent change in the nucleotide sequence in the genome of an organism.

Question 9

Base-Substitution

Answer 9

A type of mutation involving the replacement or substitution of a single nucleotide base with another in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Question 10

Missense Mutation

Answer 10

A point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.

Question 11

Silent Mutation

Answer 11

DNA mutations that do not significantly alter the phenotype of the organism in which they occur.

Can occur in both introns, exons, and non-coding regions of introns.

Question 12

Intron

Answer 12

Any region of an RNA sequence that is removed by splicing during maturation of the final product.

Question 13

Nonsense Mutations

Answer 13

A point mutation in a sequence of DNA that results in a premature stop codon that often results in a non-functional protein product.

Question 14

Base Addition

Answer 14

Also known as an insertion mutation, this mutation is caused by the addition of one or more base pairs into a DNA sequence.

Question 15

Base Deletion

Answer 15

When one or more nucleotides are removed from a piece of DNA.

Question 16

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 16

Genetic Mutation caused my indels (Insertions or Deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.

Question 17

Point Mutations

Answer 17

Type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA.

Also known as single base modification.

Question 18

Ribosome

Answer 18

A minute particular consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. Binds to mRNA and tRNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.