Topic 1 The Cell Cycle

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

The entire genetic information of an organism.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A package of DNA, named after the stained appearance they produce when dyed.

Question 3

Sister Chromatids

Answer 3

Duplicated DNA that is attached at the Centromere to its identical strand.

Question 4

Centromere

Answer 4

The location at which sister chromatids are attached by a protein called cohesin.

Question 5

Interphase

Answer 5

The longest part the cell cycle in which the cells prepares the mitosis. The phase contains three distinct sub-phases: G1,S,G2.

Question 6

Prophase

Answer 6

Part of the mitotic phase, the prophase consists of:

• Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
• Nucleoli disappears.
• Mitotic Spindle Begins to Form.
• Centrosomes begin to move away from one another.

Question 7

Prometaphase

Answer 7

Part of the Mitotic cycle, prometaphase consists of:

• Nuclear envelope fragments
• Kinetochores attach to both sister chromatids at the centrosomes.
• Some microtubules attach to Kinetochores to form kinetochore microtubules.
• Nonkinetochore Microtubules interact with other from the opposite pole of the spindle.
• Chromosomes have become more condensed.
• Microtubules begin to invade the nuclear area.

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

Part of the Mitotic phase in which:

• Centrosomes are situated at both poles of the cell.
• Chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate.
• All chromosomes are attached to microtubules.

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

Part of the Mitotic cycle in which:
-Cohesin is cleaved.
-Chromatids move towards the poles of the cell.
The cell elongates as the non-kinetochore microtubules push against each other.

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

Part of the Mitotic cycle in which:

• The chromosomes become less condensed.
• Microtubules become de polymerized.
• Nuclei form in both daughter cells.
• Nucleoli reappear
• Mitosis Complete

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

A splitting of cells that have undergone Mitosis to form two daughter cells.

Question 12

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 12

The process of pinching off two daughter cells during cytokinesis. Can be seen as an indentation of the cell wall surface.

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

The process in which somatic cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells that contain the same type and same number of chromosomes.

Question 14

Mitotic Spindle

Answer 14

A structure consisting of fibers made of microtubules and proteins.

Question 15

Microtubules

Answer 15

Positions chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 16

Kinetochore

Answer 16

A structure made up of proteins that assemble on specific sections of DNA.

Question 17

Daughter cells.

Answer 17

Cells that result from Mitosis that have the same number and same type of chromosomes.