Topic 12 Genomes, Genes and Alleles

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

Sum total of all the genes present in a cell or organism, encoded in DNA

Question 2

What is the genomic sequence?

Answer 2

The precise order of bases in the sequence of DNA that have been identified.

Question 3

How does complementary base pairing work?

Answer 3

Adenine always binds to thymine- 2 hydrogen bonds

Guanine always binds to cytosine- 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 4

How is DNA packed into chromosomes?

Answer 4

The DNA double helix becomes tightly coiled around proteins known as his tones and these coils further become coiled into super coils called nucleosides and subsequently chromosomes.

Question 5

What are alleles?

Answer 5

The different forms of a particular gene

Question 6

What is a gene?

Answer 6

An inherited instruction carried on a chromosome, specific segment of DNA carrying an instruction encoded in its base sequence for a specific protein product

Question 7

What happens during transcription?

Answer 7

First step of protein synthesis in which a particular sequence of DNA is copied into mRNA by the enzyme rna polymerase

Question 8

What happens during translation?

Answer 8

Second step of protein synthesis in which the information on e mRNA is decided by a ribosome to assemble for the order of amino acids that produce the protein.