topic 12 - ethnicity and crime Flashcards
ethnicity and victimisation
- CSEW: mixed, black and Asian ethnic groups more at risk of victimhood
- majority of recorded hate crimes are racially motivated
- gov.uk 2017-2020: 49% of homicide victims 15-17 were black
- general population 3% black
homicide victims 2019-2020 15% black
ethnicity and offending?
- proportionately higher arrests, charges, stops and searches of black and Asian people
- black people 7 x more likely stopped and searched than white people
- Philips and Bowling - Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) more likely to drop cases against black suspects as police may charge them with inadequate evidence
- British Asians 2013: 6.4% general pop, 10.3% stops and searches
- gov.uk 2021 - black people over 3 times as likely arrested as white people
higher offending levels of ethnic minorities = social construction
CJS discrimination: Graham and Bowling 1995 self report study: white and black respondents crime rates 44% and 43%. Asian respondents significantly lower.
Cicourel
Labelling, self fulfilling prophecy
racist attitudes in police force
- INSITUTIONAL racism: McPherson Report 1999 (Stephen Lawrence)
‘collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of colour, culture, ethnic origin’ - CULTURAL racism: canteen culture Waddington. Secret Policeman - M Daley 1998.
Tahir Abbas 2004: new culture of Islamaphobia since 9/11 - INDIVIDUAL racism: Scarman Report 1981 found racist officers
The Secret Policeman M Daley 1998.
high levels of offending in ethnic minorities: explained
Scraton: legitimate resistance
Venkatesh: outlaw capitalism (80% Chicago black unemployment rate)
Pat Carlen: female criminals stem from least powerful social groups, e.g. ethnic minorities. Disproportionately black working class.
Murray and Herrnstein : underclass
Martin Glynn 2014
ethnic minorities do face racism but this isn’t the full story: defiant reaction in some black males means they commit crime to get back at society.
