Topic 11 - Organic Reactions Flashcards
Reaction Name: Complete combustion
Reactants: alkane/alkene/alkynes/alcohols + O2 (g)
Conditions: excess oxygen
Products: CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Reaction Name: Incomplete combustion
Reactants: alkane/alkene/alkynes/alcohols + O2 (g)
Conditions: limited oxygen
Products: CO (g) + H2O (l)
Reaction Name: Halogenation (substitution)
Reactants: alkane + halogen (usually 2)
Conditions: UV light
Products: haloalkane and H-halogen
Reaction Name: Alkanol/alcohol production
Reactants: haloalkane + R-OH- (hydroxide ion)
Conditions: catalyst (general, no need to specify)
Products: alcohol/alkanol (OH replacing the same place that the halogen was) + R-halogen
Reaction Name: Haloalkane and ammonia reaction
Reactants: haloalkane + NH3 (ethanol) or NH3+
Conditions: 100 degrees Celsius
Products: amine (NH2 replacing the same place that the halogen was) + H-halogen
Reaction Name: Addition reaction
Reactants: alkene + halogens (usually 2)
Conditions: none
Products: dihaloalkane
Reaction Name: Hydrogenation
Reactants: alkene + H2 (gas)
Conditions: nickle catalyst (not sure if general), 150 degrees.
Products: alkane
Reaction Name: Alkene and hydrochloric acid
Reactants: Alkene + HCl (aq)
Conditions: Aluminium chloride (AlCl3)
Products: Chloroalkane
Reaction Name: hydration of alkene
Reactants: alkene + H2O (g)
Conditions: 300 degrees Celsius (hence water as a gas), phosphoric acid catalyst (H3PO4)
Products: alcohol/alkanol
NOTE: REVERSIBLE
Reaction Name: Alcohol Substitution
Reactants: alcohol + NH3 (g) (ammonia)
Conditions: 400 degrees Celsius, Aluminia (solid)
Products: Amine + H2O (l)
Reaction Name: Primary Alcohol Oxidation (partial oxidation)
Reactants: primary alcohol
Conditions: H+ (acid), Cr2O72-/MnO4 (strong oxidising agent)
Products: aldehyde + H2O
Reaction Name: Primary Alcohol Oxidation (full oxidation)
Reactants: aldehyde
Conditions: H+ (acid), Cr2O72-/MnO4 (strong oxidising agent), heat
Products: carboxylic acid + H2O
Reaction Name: Secondary Alcohol Oxidation
Reactants: secondary alcohol
Conditions: H+ (acid), CrO4- (strong oxidising agent) (can maybe use the same oxidising agents as primary alcohol oxidation, check with Ms Fernando)
Products: ketone + H2O
Reaction Name: esterification (condensation reaction)
Reactants: carboxylic acid + alcohol
Conditions: H2SO4 (l) (concentrated) (as catalyst)
Products: ester + H2O (l)
NOTE: REVERSIBLE
Reaction Name: Carboxylic acid and ammonia reaction (condensation reaction)
Reactants: carboyxlic acid + ammonia
Conditions: none
Products: primary amide + H2O (l)
