Topic 11 - Organic Reactions

Question 1

Reaction Name: Complete combustion

Reactants: alkane/alkene/alkynes/alcohols + O2 (g)

Answer 1

Conditions: excess oxygen

Products: CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

Question 2

Reaction Name: Incomplete combustion

Reactants: alkane/alkene/alkynes/alcohols + O2 (g)

Answer 2

Conditions: limited oxygen

Products: CO (g) + H2O (l)

Question 3

Reaction Name: Halogenation (substitution)

Reactants: alkane + halogen (usually 2)

Answer 3

Conditions: UV light

Products: haloalkane and H-halogen

Question 4

Reaction Name: Alkanol/alcohol production

Reactants: haloalkane + R-OH- (hydroxide ion)

Answer 4

Conditions: catalyst (general, no need to specify)

Products: alcohol/alkanol (OH replacing the same place that the halogen was) + R-halogen

Question 5

Reaction Name: Haloalkane and ammonia reaction

Reactants: haloalkane + NH3 (ethanol) or NH3+

Answer 5

Conditions: 100 degrees Celsius

Products: amine (NH2 replacing the same place that the halogen was) + H-halogen

Question 6

Reaction Name: Addition reaction

Reactants: alkene + halogens (usually 2)

Answer 6

Conditions: none

Products: dihaloalkane

Question 7

Reaction Name: Hydrogenation

Reactants: alkene + H2 (gas)

Answer 7

Conditions: nickle catalyst (not sure if general), 150 degrees.

Products: alkane

Question 8

Reaction Name: Alkene and hydrochloric acid

Reactants: Alkene + HCl (aq)

Answer 8

Conditions: Aluminium chloride (AlCl3)

Products: Chloroalkane

Question 9

Reaction Name: hydration of alkene

Reactants: alkene + H2O (g)

Answer 9

Conditions: 300 degrees Celsius (hence water as a gas), phosphoric acid catalyst (H3PO4)

Products: alcohol/alkanol

NOTE: REVERSIBLE

Question 10

Reaction Name: Alcohol Substitution

Reactants: alcohol + NH3 (g) (ammonia)

Answer 10

Conditions: 400 degrees Celsius, Aluminia (solid)

Products: Amine + H2O (l)

Question 11

Reaction Name: Primary Alcohol Oxidation (partial oxidation)

Reactants: primary alcohol

Answer 11

Conditions: H+ (acid), Cr2O72-/MnO4 (strong oxidising agent)

Products: aldehyde + H2O

Question 12

Reaction Name: Primary Alcohol Oxidation (full oxidation)

Reactants: aldehyde

Answer 12

Conditions: H+ (acid), Cr2O72-/MnO4 (strong oxidising agent), heat

Products: carboxylic acid + H2O

Question 13

Reaction Name: Secondary Alcohol Oxidation

Reactants: secondary alcohol

Answer 13

Conditions: H+ (acid), CrO4- (strong oxidising agent) (can maybe use the same oxidising agents as primary alcohol oxidation, check with Ms Fernando)

Products: ketone + H2O

Question 14

Reaction Name: esterification (condensation reaction)

Reactants: carboxylic acid + alcohol

Answer 14

Conditions: H2SO4 (l) (concentrated) (as catalyst)

Products: ester + H2O (l)

NOTE: REVERSIBLE

Question 15

Reaction Name: Carboxylic acid and ammonia reaction (condensation reaction)

Reactants: carboyxlic acid + ammonia

Answer 15

Conditions: none

Products: primary amide + H2O (l)

Question 16

Reaction Name: Carboxylic acid and primary amine reaction (condensation reaction)

Reactants: carboxylic acid + primary amine

Answer 16

Conditions: none

Products: secondary amide + H2O (l)

Question 17

Reaction Name: hydrolysis of esters

Reactants: ester + H2O (l)

Answer 17

Conditions: H+ (acidic conditions)

Products: carboxylic acid + alcohol

NOTE: REVERSIBLE