Topic 11 - Organic Reaction Conditions

Question 1

What can alkane make?

Answer 1

Haloalkanes (UV light)

Question 2

What can haloalkanes make?

Answer 2

Alcohols/alkanols (catalyst)

Amines (100 degrees Celsius, ammonia (NH3) (can be reactant or condition))

Question 3

What can alkenes make?

Answer 3

Dihaloalkanes (none)

Alkanes (nickle catalyst (not sure if general), 150 degrees)

Alcohols/alkanols (300 degrees Celsius, H3PO4 catalyst (phosphoric acid catalyst)

Chloroalkane (AlCl3 (aluminium chloride))

Question 4

What can primary alkanols/alcohols make?

Answer 4

Aldehydes (H+ (acid), Cr2O72-/MnO4 (strong oxidising agent))

Carboxylic acids (H+ (acid), Cr2O72-/MnO4 (strong oxidising agent) heat) (maybe, check if you can skip the intermediate step)

Amine (400 degrees Celsius, Aluminia (solid), Ammonia (NH3, as reactant))

Esters (H2SO4 (l) (concentrated) (as catalyst)) (if combined with carboxylic acid)

Question 5

What can secondary alcohols/alkanols make?

Answer 5

Ketones (H+ (acid), CrO4- (strong oxidising agent) (can maybe use the same oxidising agents as primary alcohol oxidation, check with Ms Fernando)

esters (H2SO4 (l) (concentrated) (as catalyst)) (maybe?)

Amine (400 degrees Celsius, Aluminia (solid), Ammonia (NH3, as reactant))

Question 6

What can carboxylic acids make?

Answer 6

Esters (H2SO4 (l) (concentrated) (if combined with alcohols)

Primary amides (none) (if combined with ammonia)

Secondary amides (none) (if combined with primary amides)

Question 7

What can esters make?

Answer 7

Carboxylic acids + alcohols (H+ acidic conditions)

Question 8

What can aldehydes make?

Answer 8

Carboxylic acids (H+ (acid), Cr2O72-/MnO4- (strong oxidising agent) heat)