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GeoChemistry > Topic 11 > Flashcards

Topic 11 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Its value is actually a measure of
hydrogen ion concentration.

a. Soil pH
b. Soil fertility scale
c. Soil profile
d. Soil concentration meter

A

a. Soil pH

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2
Q

Forms when carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water (H2O).

a. acid rain
b. carbonic acid
c. carbonates
d. citric acid

A

b. carbonic acid

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3
Q

What is the most abundant soil type in the Philippines?

a. oxisol
b. ultisol
c. alfisol
d. inceptisol

A

b. ultisol

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4
Q

Odd man out. Mineral stability to weathering.

a. calcite
b. hematite
c. quartz
d. goethite

A

a. calcite

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5
Q

A mineral biotite in silicate weathering, as it precipitates alkaline mineral K+ it becomes a secondary mineral ____ ?

a. amphibole
b. magnetite
c. vermiculite
d. magnesite

A

c. vermiculite

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6
Q

WHAT IS THE GRAIN SIZE OF GRANULES IN mm?

a. 2-4 mm
b. 4-64 mm
c. 0.06-0.25 mm
d. 0.5-5 mm

A

a. 2-4 mm

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7
Q

Is a mixture where tiny particles are suspended in a liquid but don’t settle out like sand in water.

a. Silt
b. Clay
c. Colloid
d. Sand

A

c. Colloid

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8
Q

What does “verto” in Latin means?

a. Leaf
b. Soil
c. Turn
d. Form

A

c. Turn

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9
Q

_______ minerals are formed from altering volcanic ash or other volcanic materials,
commonly found in soils, sediments, and rocks.

a. Illite
b. Smectite
c. Vermiculate
d. Boehmite

A

b. Smectite

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10
Q

______ a clay-like substance that’s mostly composed of aluminum magnesium silicate. This name comes from its use to remove dirt and oil from wool.

a. Gibbsite
b. Kaolin
c. K-Bentonite
d. Fuller’s Earth

A

d. Fuller’s Earth

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11
Q

Clay has a characteristics of.

a. Low Porosity, High Permeability
b. High Porosity, High Permeability
c. Highest Porosity, Lowest Permeability
d. Lowest Porosity, Highest Permeability

A

c. Highest Porosity, Lowest Permeability

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12
Q

Fine particles that retain water well but have poor drainage and aeration. Often plastic when wet.

a. Sand Soil
b. Silt Soil
c. Clay Soil
d. Loamy Soil

A

c. Clay Soil

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13
Q

Silt soil’s particle size in mm

a. >2.0
b. .05-2.0
c. .002-.05
d. <.002

A

c. .002-.05

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14
Q

It is by far, provide the most and the greatest variety of pigments in earth and soil.

a. K-minerals
b. Fe-minerals
c. Ca-minerals
d. Mg-minerals

A

b. Fe-minerals

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15
Q

It contains less humus, soluble minerals, and organic matter. It is a site of deposition of certain minerals and metal salts such as iron oxide.

a. E Horizon
b. B Horizon
c. A Horizon
d. C Horizon

A

b. B Horizon

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16
Q

Soils defined by their low pH levels, typically below 6.0, which indicates a higher
concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) relative to other cations

A

Acidic Soils

17
Q

___is the biological conversion of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite or nitrate

A

Nitrification

18
Q

Increasing soil acidity suggests more ___ ions concentration

A

Hydrogen

19
Q

Soils that are characterized by the presence of carbonates

A

Alkaline soils

20
Q

Extremely weathered tropical soils

A

Oxisols

21
Q

are rock and mineral fragments broken down by weathering and erosion and transported by water, wind, or ice. These sediments settle in layers and, over
time, compact and cement to form clastic sedimentary rocks like sandstone, shale, and conglomerate.

A

CLASTIC SEDIMENTS

22
Q

What is the name of the mineral having this structure?

(Picture)

A

KAOLINITE

23
Q

What is the name of the clay mineral having this chemical formula, (Na,Ca) 0.33(Al,Mg) 2(Si4O 10)(OH) 2·nH 2O?

A

SMECTITE

24
Q

It is composed mainly of Kaolinite.

A

CHINA CLAY

25
Q

Most common type oy soil that is prone to swelling and shrinking?

A

VERTISOLS

26
Q

Soils form through a natural process called ______, which involves the breakdown of rocks and organic materials over time

A

Pedogenesis

27
Q

It occurs when soil particles attract atoms with a positive charge, e.g. Calcium (Ca²⁺),
Magnesium (Mg²⁺) and Potassium (K⁺)

A

Cation Exchange

28
Q

It is the ability of soil to take in essentials like nutrients, water, and oxygen

A

Aeration

29
Q

This allows us to identify soil using the percentage of clay, silt, and sand.

A

Soil Texture Triangle

30
Q

It is formed from the weathering of the underlying parent rock and remains in place above the rock from which it originated

A

Residual Soils

GeoChemistry (7 decks)

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