TOPIC 10: TRANSGENIC PLANTS AND ITS APPLICATION TO FOOD PRODUCTION

Question 1

TRANSGENESIS

Answer 1

Is the process of introducing an Exogenous gene
called a Transgene into a living organism, so that the organism will inhibit a new property and transmit that property to its offspring

Question 2

TRANSGENIC PLANTS

Answer 2

Genetically modified plants in which foreign/source genes have been introduced/inserted into desired/targeted plants

Generation of transgenic plants are referred as Transformation (i.e. uptake of foreign DNA by plant cells) and this technique is known as Transformation technique

It is also known as genetic engineering or genetic modificaton

Question 3

ADVANTAGES OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS

Answer 3

• Resistance against biotic stress e.g. animal, plant, fungi

• Resistance against abiotic stress e.g. temperature, light, water

• Herbicide resistance

• Improvement of vitamin content

• Improvement in nutritional equality

Question 4

Resistance against the biotic stresses

Answer 4

In such types like tobacco, the use of transgenic with toxin genes of Bacillus thuringiensis is a successful application.

Successful result are also obtained, by using proteinases against insect, digesting the insect protein,and chitinases against fungi like Rhizoctonia solani

Question 5

Resistance against abiotic stresses

Answer 5

Firstly identified the total number if genes that are responsible for providing resistance aginst various type of biotic abd abiotic stresses.

A gene for the production of glycerol-I-phosphate acyltransferase has been isolated from Arabidopis abd transferred to tobacco which imparts resistance against chilling

Question 6

Herbicide resistance

Answer 6

Herbicide inhibits plant growth by blocking the biosynthesis of essential amino acids, such as glyphosate, which inhibits the synthesis of aromatic amino acids

Question 7

Improvement of vitamin content

Answer 7

To save a large population of children from vitamin A deficiency, the improved variety of transgenic rice has been developed with a 23-fold increase in food grain quality and quantity of production

Question 8

Improvement in nutritional equality

Answer 8

The protein content is being altered through a change in amino acid content like an increase in lysine content.

In the case of oilseed crops, the change in content and composition of fatty acids have been attempted through transgenic plant production

Question 9

APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING TO FOOD PRODUCTION

Answer 9

1) Food Gum
2) Golden Rice
3) Flvr-savr Tomato

Question 10

DISADVANTAGE OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS

Answer 10

1) Allergies
2) Damage to natiral environment