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IB chemistry > Topic 10 Organic chem > Flashcards

Topic 10 Organic chem Flashcards

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1
Q

Catenation

A

Connected in a chain or series (Eg: carbon forming long chains of covalent bonds)

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2
Q

Homologous series

A

a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula (eg: alkanes, alkenes)

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3
Q

First 4 members of the alkane homologous series

A

Methan, ethane, propane, butane

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4
Q

General formula for alkane–use it to state the molecular formula of hexane

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

C6H14

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5
Q

Functional group

A

A functional group is responsible for the characteristic property or behavior of a class of compounds. For example, hydroxyl ( –OH) group in alcohols.

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6
Q

what are the 13 main class names and their functional group names and suffixes

A 
Alkane–N/A (-ane)
Alkene–alkenyl (-ene)
Alkyne–alkynyl (-yne)
Alcohol–hydroxyl (-anol)
Ether–ether (-oxyalkane)
Aldehyde–carbonyl (-anal)
Ketone–carbonyl (-anone)
Carboxylic acid–carboxyl (-anoic acid)
ester–ester (-anoate)
amide–carboxyamide (-anamide)
amine–amine (-anamine)
nitrile–nitrile (-anenitrile)
arene–phenyl (-benzene)
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7
Q

Common features of homologous series

A

1) same general formula
2) Same functional group
3) a gradual trend in their physical properties (eg:boiling points, density, viscosity) with the rise of molecular mass
4) differ by a -CH2- group
5) similar chemical properties (though the first may differ)

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8
Q

The relationship between molecular mass with melting and boiling points + intermolecular strength in a homologous series
Use this to explain the physical states of alkanes

A
  • As the molar mass increases, the strength of the intermolecular forces between the molecules also increases, which results in a higher melting and boiling point.
  • The first 4 members of the alkane series are gases, then it becomes liquids then waxy solids.
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9
Q

Draw the functional group structure of alkenes

Hence, draw ethene

A
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10
Q

Draw the functional group structure of alkynes

Hence, draw ethyne

A
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11
Q

Draw the functional group structure of alcohol

Hence, draw ethanol

A
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12
Q

Draw the functional group structure of ether

Hence, draw methoxyethane (no. of carb + ether + alkane)

A
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13
Q

Draw the functional group structure of aldehyde

Hence, draw propanal

A
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14
Q

Draw the functional group structure of ketone

Hence, draw propanone

A
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15
Q

Draw the functional group structure of amide

Hence, draw propanamide

A
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16
Q

Draw the functional group structure of amine

Hence, draw ethanamine

A
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17
Q

Draw the functional group structure of nitrile

Hence, draw propanenitrile

A
18
Q

Draw the functional group structure of arene

Hence, draw ethyl benzene

A
19
Q

Draw the functional group structure of carboxylic acid

Hence, draw propanoic acid

A
20
Q

Draw bromomethane

A
21
Q

Draw methyl methanoate

A
22
Q

General formula of alkene

A

C(n)H(2n)

23
Q

General formula of alkyne

A

C(n)H(2n-2)

24
Q

General formula of alcohol

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

25
Q

General formula of ether

A

R–O–R’ (carbon chains on either sides)

26
Q

General formula of aldehyde

A

R–CHO

27
Q

General formula of Ketone

A

R–CO–R’

28
Q

General formula of carbolyxic acid

A

C(n)H(2n+1)COOH

29
Q

General formula of ester

A

R–COO–R’

30
Q

List first 6 prefixes of carbon chains

A

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex

31
Q

Which is the correct order when the following alkanes are placed in order of decreasing boiling point?

1) C4H10 > C3H8 > C2H6 > CH4
2) CH4 > C2H6 > C3H8 > C4H10
3) C4H10 > C2H6 > CH4 > C3H8
4) C4H10 > CH4 > C2H6 > C3H8

A

1

32
Q

Empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound (eg: CH3)

33
Q

Molecular formula

A

The actual number of each type of atom in a compound (Eg: C2H6)

34
Q

Full structural formula

A

all atoms and the bonds between the atoms are shown (Drawn diagram)

35
Q

Condensed structural formula

A

The same as full structural formulae but the bonds are committed (Eg: CH3CH2CH2CH3)

36
Q

Skeletal formula

A

using lines, all atoms are omitted leaving only the backbone of the molecule. Single bonds are represented by one line and double bonds are represented by two lines (eg: the skeletal formula of propan-1-ol (CH3CH2CH2OH) omits the carbon and hydrogen atoms)

37
Q

stereochemical formula

A

shows the relative three-dimensional positions of atoms or groups around a selected carbon atom
- a bond sticking out from the plane of the page (towards the viewer) is shown as a solid wedge, whereas a bond directed behind the page (away from the viewer) is shown as a broken line

38
Q

Naming rules

A

1) Identify the longest straight chain of carbon atoms (eg: meth, prop)
2) Identify the functional group (eg: alkyl, alkenyl, ether)
3) Identify the side chain or substitudent (eg: mthyl, ethyl)

39
Q

Structural isomers–give an example

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms (different structural formulae)
- eg: pentane and 2-methylbutane

40
Q

position isomerism

A

when the functional group is attached in different positions

41
Q

Draw But-1-ene and But-2-ene

A
42
Q

Draw propene

A

IB chemistry (11 decks)

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