Topic 10 Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is an Infectious disease

Answer 1

A disease caused by a pathogen which is transmissible

Question 2

What is a transmission cycle

Answer 2

The way in which a pathogen transfers from one host to another

Question 3

Type of pathogens

Answer 3

• Virus
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Protoctists

Question 4

Cause of Malaria

Answer 4

Caused by Plasmodium falciporum, P. Malarie, P. Vivax, P. Ovale

Transmitted by:
- insect vector (mosquito)
- blood transfusion
- contaminated needles
- mother to child across placenta

Question 5

How Malaria is transmitted

Answer 5

1. Infected mosquitoes bites humans
2. Plasmodium travels to the liver and multiplies
3. Plasmodium burst out of the lover and invade RBCs
4. Multiply in RBCs and burst out to invade more
5. symptoms start
6. Infected person in bitten by 2nd mosquito where it further multiplies inside the mosquito

Question 6

Symptoms of Malaria

Answer 6

• fever
• shivering
• sweating
• headache
• anaemia
• muscle pain

Question 7

How to prevent Malaria

Answer 7

1. reduce number of (anopheles) Mosquitoes
2. avoid being bitten by Mosquitoes
3. use of drugs

Question 8

Cause of Cholera

Answer 8

Caused by Vibrio Cholerae

Transmitted by:
- infected water or food with facal matter

Question 9

Symptoms of Cholera

Answer 9

• Diahorrea (dehydration)
• vomitting
• nausea

Question 10

How Cholera is transmitted

Answer 10

1. Bacteria are ingested by eating contaminated food/ water
2. Reach the Small intestine and multiplies inside
3. releases toxin Choleragen
4. Choleragen causes chloride ions to be released into the lumen of small intestine
5. water follows by osmosis
6. loss of water and salts from the epithelial cells

Question 11

How to prevent Cholera

Answer 11

• adequate treatment for sewage
• clean water
• water treated with chlorine
• vaccination

Question 12

Treatment for Cholera

Answer 12

Oral rehydration (solution of water, glucose and ions)

Question 13

Cause of Tuberculosis

Answer 13

Caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis/ bovis

• airborne
• droplets of infected patients

Question 14

How to prevent Tuberculosis

Answer 14

• use of BCG vaccine
• routine testing of cattles
• heating milk to kill TB bacteria

Question 16

Cause of HIV/AIDS

Answer 16

Caused by immunodeficiency virus

transmitted by:
- direct exchange of body fluid
- contaminated needles
- pregnancy
- sexual intercourse