Topic 1 - The importance and short history of botany Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of botany

A
Food industry, spice, forage
Pharmaceutical industry, medicine
Food safety
Textile industry
Forestry, furnitures
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2
Q

History of botany (overview)

A
Theoprastus of Eresos
Pedanius Dioscorides
Robert Hooke
John Ray 
Stephen Hales
Carl von Linne
Joseph priestly 
XIX. and XX century
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3
Q

Joseph priestly

A

Observations on different kinds of air

“The plants fix air and releases gases

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4
Q

How can we describe plants?

A
Photosynthetic apparatus → autotrophy
Stationary livings
Only a few organs with high surface area
Continuous growth, but growth is limited for certain areas of the body (meristematic tissues)
Non-living cells are also part of the body
No certain organs to receive stimuli
Cell wall of cellulose
BUT secondary function loss
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5
Q

Interdisciplinary botanical principles

A
Agronomic/forestry botany
Medicinal botany
Phytochemistry
Medical botany
Veterinary botany
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6
Q

XIX and XX century

A

XIX:
Description of photosynthesis
Julius Robert Mayer (1845) - the photosynthesis produce energy
The exact mechanism described only in 1982
CO2 + H2O + light green plants O2 + organic material + energy

XX:
More detailed mechanisms, plant ecology

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7
Q

Why we study about plants?

Veterinary medicine

A
  • Forage
  • poisoning
  • Medicine
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8
Q

Main subjects of vet. botany

A

Taxonomy (which species, groups?)
Morphology (how can I recognize?)
Phytochemistry (what are the compounds?)
Cytology, histology (where do they store these compounds?)
Physiology (how are the compounds synthesized?)
Veterinary medicine (what’s the effect on animals?)
o Crop plants
o Poisonous plants
o Medicinal plants

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9
Q

Pedanius Dioscorides

A

Historia plantarum (50-90 AD)
5 volumes
Medicinal plants, drugs

“Medicine sometimes grants health, sometimes destroys it, showing which plants are helpful, which do harm”

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10
Q

John Ray

A
Historia plantarum (1686)
Basics of modern taxonomy
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11
Q

Stephen Hales

A

Vegetable statics (1727)
The basics of plant physiology
Nutrient metabolism, respiration

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12
Q

Carl von Linne

A
Species planetarium (1753) 
"The father of taxonomy"

Binominal nomenclature
The whole latin name must be typed in italic
The first part is always written with an initial capital letter
The second part is never written with an initial capital
The author abbreviation is written with initial capital letter, but not in italic
Sometimes the year of description is also mentioned

Basic unit: species

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13
Q

Theophrastus of Eresos

A

Historia plantarum (350-287 BC)
The father of botany
Volum IX: plants used as medicine
Poisonous plants

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14
Q

Teaching of veterinary botany

A

Formerly task of chem. lectures
1857 —> botany separate course
Kálmán Czakó: botanical hay analysis
Gyula Mahyary-kossa: pharmacology and botany

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15
Q

Department of botany

A

Founded in 1953

Study materials fit more to vet. science
Vidor Motor - dangerous plants for animals
Ede Haraszti - grasslands, herbal poisonings
János Vetter - poisonings, mycology

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16
Q

Robert Hooke

A

discovered cells —> monastery cells

Founder of microscope

17
Q

Relation to botany

A
Food safety
Animal nutrition
Toxicology/ Pharmacology
Inner medicine
Pathology/ Pathohistology