Topic 1: The First World War and its impact on British India, 1914–20 Flashcards
In 1909 what reform was introduced and what was its purpose?
The Morley-Minto Reforms. Designed to encourage and reward loyalty to the Raj. e.g. Separate electorates
List positive consequences of WW1.
By 1916 congress and ML buried their differences
No longer wanted to be treated separately
Some Indian industries grew - replace products that would be imported
Cotton
Iron
steel
Sugar
List negative consequences of WW1.
Increased taxation
Famine in 1918
- Disruption to normal trading
- Exchange rate problems
- Failure of monsoon rains
What happened in 1914 on the Western Front?
Turkey entering war caused dilemma for Muslim Indians
Desertions on western front
Mutinies when they thought that they were going to fight the Turks
In 1915 what act was introduced and what was its purpose?
Defence of India act
Special powers to deal with revolutionary and German-inspired threats during World War I
By 1918 there were about 800 internees detained under this and other provisions.
War-time measure
When was the Lucknow Pact Created?
Founded by Home Rule Leagues in 1916.
What was the Lucknow Pact?
Agreement between Congress and ML
Hindus and Muslims would have representation in the Indian parliament
Reflect % of population
What was the 1917 Montague Declaration?
Commit the British gov. to granting some form of self-gov. to India.
Montague would travel around India taking sounding which he did.
What was the 1918 Montagu-Chelmsford Report?
recommended that control over some aspects of provincial government be passed to Indian ministers responsible to an Indian electorate.
Why were the 1919 Rowlatt Acts introduced?
Gov of India afraid due to Economic turbulence
Their object was to replace the repressive provisions of the wartime Defence of India Act (1915) by a permanent law.
What did the Rowlatt Acts do?
Mr Rowlatt headed commission investigating revolutionary conspiracies
The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.
Why did the 1919 Amritsar massacre happen?
The repressive Rowlatt Acts.
on the 13th April Dyer and his soldiers open fired on a gathering of 10,000 people.
What were the consequences of the Amritsar Massacre?
About 400 people were killed, and about 1,200 more were wounded.
Dyer established Martial Law
Indians had to salam (low bow) to Europeans
Public floggings
The crawling order
What was the 1919 Government of India Act?
British - promise of the 1917 Montague declaration of Eventual self-government
4 years to implement (Rowlett act took weeks)
Review success of act in 10 years
No reference to independence from Britain at any time
When did The Khilafat movement begin and end?
1919 - 1924
