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Chemistry > Topic 1 - Quantitative chemistry > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Quantitative chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a chemical species?

A

An atom, a molecule or an ion

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2
Q

What is the mole?

A

The amounf of a substance which contains the same number of chemical species as there are atoms in 12g of the isotope carbon-12

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3
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of an element, Ar?

A

The average mass of an atom of the element, taking into account all its isotopes and their relative abundance, compared to one atom of carbon-12

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4
Q

What is the relative molecular mass, Mr?

A

The sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the molecular formula

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5
Q

What is the molar mass?

A

The mass of one mole of a species

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6
Q

How is the number of moles calculated?

A
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7
Q

What is the Avogardo’s constant (L)?

A

The number of atoms in one mole of an element and the number of molecules in one mole of a covalent compound

Has a value of 6.02 X 1023 mol-1

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8
Q

How is the number of particles calculated?

A

N = nL

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9
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

The ratio of the atoms of different elements in a compound. It is the molecular formula expressed as its simplest ratio

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10
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

Shows the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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11
Q

What are state symbols?

A

Indicate the state of a substance at STP: (s), (l), (g), (aq)

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12
Q

What is the function of the coefficients of an equation?

A

They give the molar ratios of the reactant and products

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13
Q

What is the limiting reactant?

A

The reactant that determines the theoretical yield of the product

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14
Q

What is the theoretical yield?

A

The mass or amount of product produced according to the chemical equation assuming 100% reaction

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15
Q

What is the percentage yield?

A
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16
Q

What are the intermolecular forces for particles in solid state?

A

The particles are closedly packed in fixed positions. The interparticle forces restrict the movement to vibration about a fixed position → fixed shape

17
Q

What are the intermolecular forces for particles in liquid state?

A

The particles are still relatively close together. The interparticle forces are sufficiently weak to allowe the particles to change places with each other, but their moevemnt is constrained to a fixed volume. Liquids can change shape but not volume

18
Q

What are the intermolecular forces for gas particles?

A

The interparticle forces are negligible; they are zero for an ideal gas. The particles move freely, occupying all the space available to them. No fixed shape or volume

19
Q

What is the relationship between kinetic energy and its mass and speed?

A

The kinetic energy depends on its mass and speed.

20
Q

What is Avogadro’s hypothesis?

A

Equal volumes of different gases contain equal numbers of particles at the same temperature and pressure

21
Q

What is the number of moles for a gas?

A
22
Q

What is the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas?

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume

PV = k

23
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and pressure of a gas?

A

The pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature measured in kelvin (K)

P = kT

24
Q

What is the combined gas law?

A
25
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A

PV = nRT

26
Q

How can the ideal gas equation be used to find the molar mass of gases or volatile liquids?

A
27
Q

What is the difference between solute and solvent?

A

The less abundant component is the solute and the mroe abundant the solvent

28
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture of two components

29
Q

What is concentration?

A

The composition of a solution

30
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

A solution of known concentration

Chemistry (13 decks)

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