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Year 10 Chemistry > Topic 1 Neutralisation > Flashcards

Topic 1 Neutralisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH for acids

A

Lower than 7

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2
Q

What is the pH for alkalis

A

Greater than 7

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3
Q

What’s the definition for neutralisation

A

When an acid reacts with an alkali to form salt and water

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4
Q

When we use the following acids name the salt that is formed
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid

A

Chloride
Sulfate
Nitrate

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5
Q 
Are the following hydroxides and oxides a base of an alkali
Sodium hydroxide
Calcium oxide
Magnesium hydroxide 
Lithium oxide
Copper oxide
A 
Sodium hydroxide - a base and an alkali
Calcium oxide - a base
Magnesium hydroxide - a base and an alkali
Lithium oxide - a base
Copper oxide - a base
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6
Q

What is the first form of neutralisation in everyday life

A

Brushing your teeth - using toothpaste helps to neutralises the acid and prevents tooth decay as it’s an alkaline

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7
Q

What is the second form of neutralisation in everyday life

A

Treating bee stings - bee stings are acidic and can be treated using an alkaline, e.g. Baking powder

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8
Q

What is the third form of neutralisation in everyday life

A

Treating wasp stings - they are alkaline, so vinegar can cure them as it is acidic

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9
Q

What is the fourth form of neutralisation in everyday life

A

Acidic soil - plants don’t grow well in acidic soil, we treat this soil with like fertilisers e.g. Limestone to neutralise it

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10
Q

Acid + metal —>

A

Salt + hydrogen

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11
Q

Acid + alkali —>

A

Salt + water

Generally metal hydroxide as it’s a soluble base

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12
Q

Acid + base —>

A

Salt + water

Metal oxide / metal hydroxide

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13
Q

Calcium carbonate would form what salt in hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid

A

Calcium chloride
Calcium sulfate
Calcium nitrate

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14
Q

Sodium hydroxide would form what salt in hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid

A

Sodium chloride
Sodium sulfate
Sodium nitrate

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15
Q

Magnesium would form what salt in hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid

A

Magnesium chloride
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium nitrate

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16
Q

Potassium hydroxide + sulfuric acid —>

A

Potassium sulfate + water

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17
Q

Hydrochloric acid + sodium oxide

A

Sodium chloride + water

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18
Q

Sulfuric acid + copper carbonate —>

A

Copper sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

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19
Q

Nitric acid + zinc —>

A

Hydrogen + zinc nitrate

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20
Q

Copper oxide + sulfuric acid —>

A

copper sulfate + water

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21
Q

Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid —>

A

Sodium chloride + water

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22
Q

What is the symbolised equation for sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid —> sodium chloride + water

A

Na OH + HCI —> NaLI + H2O

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23
Q 
Lesson 3 indicators:
What colour is red litmus paper in 
Hydrochloric acid
Water
Sodium hydroxide
A

Hydrochloric acid - red
Water - red
Sodium hydroxide - blue

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24
Q 
Lesson 3 indicators:
What colour is blue litmus paper in 
Hydrochloric acid
Water
Sodium hydroxide
A

Hydrochloric acid- red
Water - blue
Sodium hydroxide - blue

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25
Q 
Lesson 3 indicators:
What colour is universal indicator solution in 
Hydrochloric acid
Water
Sodium hydroxide
A

Hydrochloric acid- red
Water - green
Sodium hydroxide- blue / purple

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26
Q 
Lesson 3 indicators:
What colour is methyl orange in 
Hydrochloric acid
Water
Sodium hydroxide
A

Hydrochloric acid - red
Water - orange
Sodium hydroxide - yellow/orange

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27
Q 
Lesson 3 indicators:
What colour is screened methyl orange in 
Hydrochloric acid
Water
Sodium hydroxide
A

Hydrochloric acid - black
Water - black
Sodium hydroxide - black

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28
Q 
Lesson 3 indicators:
What colour is phenolphthalein in 
Hydrochloric acid
Water
Sodium hydroxide
A

Hydrochloric acid - clear
Water - clear
Sodium hydroxide - pink

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29
Q

There are some colourful chemicals called….. These can change…….. when mixed with an acid or when mixed with an……..
These chemicals are called……. ……… is one such………It turns …… when mixed with acids and…..when mixed with alkali. This makes…..useful because we can test for…….or………. We can do this safely. Many flowers and fruits are……..and we can get coloured dyes from them. There is another type of indicator called……………… This is actually a………. of different coloured chemicals. This allows more accurate testing of acids and alkalis. It uses colours that match the pH scale. The pH scale ranges from 1-….. pH number between 1-…are……. pH number of….. is neutral. pH numbers between….-14 are…..

A 
Dyes
Colour
Alkali
Indicators
Litmus
Indicator
Red
Blue
Litmus
Acids
Alkalis
Colourful
Universal indicator solution
Mixture
1
14
6
Acidic
7
8
Alkalis
30
Q

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation:

What is your hypothesis

A

I think rennies will be a better indigestion remedy than the homemade method

31
Q

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation:

What is the independent variable (this is what you investigate ie change)

A

The indigestion remedy

32
Q

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation:

What is the dependent variable (what you are going to measure)

A

The amount of acid neutralised

33
Q

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation:

What is the controlled variable

A

The mass of each - 1gram
The acid you add each time - 1 drop
Both in powder for i.e. Crush tablet
The type and strength of acid

34
Q

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation:

Results i.e. How much acid needed to neutralise

A

Rennies - 270 drops

Burpease - 110 drops

35
Q

What type of chemical is copper oxide

36
Q

Iron carbonate + nitric acid —>

A

Iron nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

37
Q

Iron + hydrochloric acid —>

A

Iron chloride + hydrogen

38
Q

………………+………………—-> copper sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

A

Sulfuric acid + copper carbonate

39
Q

Hydrochloric acid +…………..—> lead chloride +…….

A

Hydrochloric acid + lead hydroxide —> lead chloride + water

40
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction

A

A neutralisation reaction is where an acid reacts with an alkali to produce a neutral solution of a salt and water.

Acid + alkali —–> salt + water

41
Q

What is he definition of an Alkali

A

Alkalis are soluble metal hydroxides e.g. sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide

42
Q

Give an example of a neutralisation reaction

A

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water

43
Q 
Salts:
The salt that forms will depend on the acid that is used for example what salt will these acids give:
Hydrochloride acid will make a.....
Nitric acid will make a....
Sulfuric acid will make a......
A

Chloride
Nitrate
Sulfate

44
Q

The name of a salt has two parts, where do they come from

A

The first part comes from the metal found in the alkali.

The second part comes from the acid used to make the salt.

45
Q

What is a base

A

Bases are substances that react with acids and neutralise them

Acid + base —> salt + water

46
Q

What materials are usually bases

A

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates or metal hydrogen carbonates

47
Q

Many bases are what

A

Insoluble - they do not dissolve in water

48
Q

If a base dissolves in water we call it a what

49
Q

Is copper oxide a base or an alkali, explain your answer

A

Copper oxide is a base because it will react with acids and neutralise them, but it is not an alkali because it does not dissolve in water.

50
Q

Is sodium hydroxide a base or an alkali, explain your answer

A

Sodium hydroxide is a base because it will react with acids and neutralise them. It’s also an alkali because it dissolves in water.

51
Q

What types of alkalis are bases

A

All alkalis are bases, but only soluble bases are alkalis. Therefore an alkali and a base both react with acid to give a salt and water

52
Q 
Name the following salts made from bases:
Sodium hydroxide...
Magnesium oxide...
Potassium hydroxide...
Sodium oxide...
Calcium hydroxide...
A 
Sodium chloride
Magnesium chloride
Potassium chloride
Sodium chloride 
Calcium chloride
53
Q

An acid reacts with a metal to form what

A

A salt and hydrogen

54
Q

Give an example of a reaction between acid and metal

A

Magnesium + hydrochloride acid —> magnesium chloride + hydrogen

55
Q

Metal carbonates react with acids to form what

A

A salt, water and carbon dioxide

56
Q

Reaction of acid and metal carbonate:

Acid + metal carbonate —>

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

57
Q

Give an example of a exactions between a metal carbonate and acid:
Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate —>

A

Calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

58
Q

What is an indicator

A

An indicator is a substance or mixture of substances that when added to the solution gives a different colour depending on the pH of the solution.

59
Q

Indicators:

Talk about litmus paper, what it is etc

A

Litmus paper comes as red litmus paper and blue litmus paper. Litmus is always red in acid and blue in alkali.

60
Q

What is universal indicator

A

Universal indicator is a mixture of several different indicators. Unlike litmus, universal indicator can show us exactly how strongly acidic or alkaline a solution is. This is measured using the pH scale.

61
Q

What is indigestion

A

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is pain or discomfort in your chest or stomach.

62
Q

When do people usually experience indigestion

A

Soon after eating or drinking.

63
Q

What are some symptoms of indigestion

A

Feeling full or bloated
Heartburn
Nausea (feeling sick)
Belching

64
Q

Indigestion is a common what

A

Indigestion is a common problem that affects many people, but in most cases it is mild and only occurs occasionally.

65
Q

How is indigestion caused//why does it happen

A

Indigestion is caused by stomach acid coming into contact with the sensitive, protective lining of the digestive system. The stomach acid breaks down the lining, leading to irritation and inflammation.

66
Q

Explain treating indigestion at home

A

You may be able to treat yourindigestion with changes to yourdiet and lifestyle, or with a number of different medications, such as antacids.

67
Q

What is heartburn caused by

A

When the acid from the stomach acid and contents rise into the oesophagus

68
Q

What is the definition of a hypothesis

A

A prediction of what you think is going to happen in the reaction

69
Q

What is the definition of an independent variable

A

What you are going to change

70
Q

What is the definition of a dependent variable

A

What you are going to measure

71
Q

What is the definition of a controlled variable

A

What you will keep the same

Year 10 Chemistry (4 decks)

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