Topic 1 Neutralisation Flashcards by Georgia Warrener

What is the pH for acids

Lower than 7

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What is the pH for alkalis

Greater than 7

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What’s the definition for neutralisation

When an acid reacts with an alkali to form salt and water

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When we use the following acids name the salt that is formed
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid

Chloride
Sulfate
Nitrate

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Are the following hydroxides and oxides a base of an alkali
Sodium hydroxide
Calcium oxide
Magnesium hydroxide 
Lithium oxide
Copper oxide

Sodium hydroxide - a base and an alkali
Calcium oxide - a base
Magnesium hydroxide - a base and an alkali
Lithium oxide - a base
Copper oxide - a base

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What is the first form of neutralisation in everyday life

Brushing your teeth - using toothpaste helps to neutralises the acid and prevents tooth decay as it’s an alkaline

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What is the second form of neutralisation in everyday life

Treating bee stings - bee stings are acidic and can be treated using an alkaline, e.g. Baking powder

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What is the third form of neutralisation in everyday life

Treating wasp stings - they are alkaline, so vinegar can cure them as it is acidic

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What is the fourth form of neutralisation in everyday life

Acidic soil - plants don’t grow well in acidic soil, we treat this soil with like fertilisers e.g. Limestone to neutralise it

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Acid + metal —>

Salt + hydrogen

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Acid + alkali —>

Salt + water

Generally metal hydroxide as it’s a soluble base

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Acid + base —>

Salt + water

Metal oxide / metal hydroxide

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Calcium carbonate would form what salt in hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid

Calcium chloride
Calcium sulfate
Calcium nitrate

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Sodium hydroxide would form what salt in hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid

Sodium chloride
Sodium sulfate
Sodium nitrate

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Magnesium would form what salt in hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid

Magnesium chloride
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium nitrate

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Potassium hydroxide + sulfuric acid —>

Potassium sulfate + water

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Hydrochloric acid + sodium oxide

Sodium chloride + water

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Sulfuric acid + copper carbonate —>

Copper sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

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Nitric acid + zinc —>

Hydrogen + zinc nitrate

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Copper oxide + sulfuric acid —>

copper sulfate + water

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Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid —>

Sodium chloride + water

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What is the symbolised equation for sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid —> sodium chloride + water

Na OH + HCI —> NaLI + H2O

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Lesson 3 indicators:
What colour is red litmus paper in 
Hydrochloric acid
Water
Sodium hydroxide

Hydrochloric acid - red
Water - red
Sodium hydroxide - blue

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Lesson 3 indicators:
What colour is blue litmus paper in 
Hydrochloric acid
Water
Sodium hydroxide

Hydrochloric acid- red
Water - blue
Sodium hydroxide - blue

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``` Lesson 3 indicators: What colour is universal indicator solution in Hydrochloric acid Water Sodium hydroxide ```

Hydrochloric acid- red Water - green Sodium hydroxide- blue / purple

``` Lesson 3 indicators: What colour is methyl orange in Hydrochloric acid Water Sodium hydroxide ```

Hydrochloric acid - red Water - orange Sodium hydroxide - yellow/orange

``` Lesson 3 indicators: What colour is screened methyl orange in Hydrochloric acid Water Sodium hydroxide ```

Hydrochloric acid - black Water - black Sodium hydroxide - black

``` Lesson 3 indicators: What colour is phenolphthalein in Hydrochloric acid Water Sodium hydroxide ```

Hydrochloric acid - clear Water - clear Sodium hydroxide - pink

There are some colourful chemicals called..... These can change........ when mixed with an acid or when mixed with an........ These chemicals are called....... ......... is one such.........It turns ...... when mixed with acids and.....when mixed with alkali. This makes.....useful because we can test for.......or.......... We can do this safely. Many flowers and fruits are........and we can get coloured dyes from them. There is another type of indicator called.................. This is actually a.......... of different coloured chemicals. This allows more accurate testing of acids and alkalis. It uses colours that match the pH scale. The pH scale ranges from 1-..... pH number between 1-...are....... pH number of..... is neutral. pH numbers between....-14 are.....

``` Dyes Colour Alkali Indicators Litmus Indicator Red Blue Litmus Acids Alkalis Colourful Universal indicator solution Mixture 1 14 6 Acidic 7 8 Alkalis ```

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation: | What is your hypothesis

I think rennies will be a better indigestion remedy than the homemade method

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation: | What is the independent variable (this is what you investigate ie change)

The indigestion remedy

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation: | What is the dependent variable (what you are going to measure)

The amount of acid neutralised

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation: | What is the controlled variable

The mass of each - 1gram The acid you add each time - 1 drop Both in powder for i.e. Crush tablet The type and strength of acid

Lesson 4 indigestion investigation: | Results i.e. How much acid needed to neutralise

Rennies - 270 drops | Burpease - 110 drops

What type of chemical is copper oxide

Base

Iron carbonate + nitric acid --->

Iron nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

Iron + hydrochloric acid --->

Iron chloride + hydrogen

..................+..................----> copper sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

Sulfuric acid + copper carbonate

Hydrochloric acid +..............---> lead chloride +.......

Hydrochloric acid + lead hydroxide ---> lead chloride + water

What is a neutralisation reaction

A neutralisation reaction is where an acid reacts with an alkali to produce a neutral solution of a salt and water. Acid + alkali -----> salt + water

What is he definition of an Alkali

Alkalis are soluble metal hydroxides e.g. sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide

Give an example of a neutralisation reaction

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water

``` Salts: The salt that forms will depend on the acid that is used for example what salt will these acids give: Hydrochloride acid will make a..... Nitric acid will make a.... Sulfuric acid will make a...... ```

Chloride Nitrate Sulfate

The name of a salt has two parts, where do they come from

The first part comes from the metal found in the alkali. | The second part comes from the acid used to make the salt.

What is a base

Bases are substances that react with acids and neutralise them Acid + base ---> salt + water

What materials are usually bases

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates or metal hydrogen carbonates

Many bases are what

Insoluble - they do not dissolve in water

If a base dissolves in water we call it a what

An alkali

Is copper oxide a base or an alkali, explain your answer

Copper oxide is a base because it will react with acids and neutralise them, but it is not an alkali because it does not dissolve in water.

Is sodium hydroxide a base or an alkali, explain your answer

Sodium hydroxide is a base because it will react with acids and neutralise them. It's also an alkali because it dissolves in water.

What types of alkalis are bases

All alkalis are bases, but only soluble bases are alkalis. Therefore an alkali and a base both react with acid to give a salt and water

``` Name the following salts made from bases: Sodium hydroxide... Magnesium oxide... Potassium hydroxide... Sodium oxide... Calcium hydroxide... ```

``` Sodium chloride Magnesium chloride Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Calcium chloride ```

An acid reacts with a metal to form what

A salt and hydrogen

Give an example of a reaction between acid and metal

Magnesium + hydrochloride acid ---> magnesium chloride + hydrogen

Metal carbonates react with acids to form what

A salt, water and carbon dioxide

Reaction of acid and metal carbonate: | Acid + metal carbonate --->

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Give an example of a exactions between a metal carbonate and acid: Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate --->

Calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

What is an indicator

An indicator is a substance or mixture of substances that when added to the solution gives a different colour depending on the pH of the solution.

Indicators: | Talk about litmus paper, what it is etc

Litmus paper comes as red litmus paper and blue litmus paper. Litmus is always red in acid and blue in alkali.

What is universal indicator

Universal indicator is a mixture of several different indicators. Unlike litmus, universal indicator can show us exactly how strongly acidic or alkaline a solution is. This is measured using the pH scale.

What is indigestion

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is pain or discomfort in your chest or stomach.

When do people usually experience indigestion

Soon after eating or drinking.

What are some symptoms of indigestion

Feeling full or bloated Heartburn Nausea (feeling sick) Belching

Indigestion is a common what

Indigestion is a common problem that affects many people, but in most cases it is mild and only occurs occasionally.

How is indigestion caused//why does it happen

Indigestion is caused by stomach acid coming into contact with the sensitive, protective lining of the digestive system. The stomach acid breaks down the lining, leading to irritation and inflammation.

Explain treating indigestion at home

You may be able to treat your indigestion with changes to your diet and lifestyle, or with a number of different medications, such as antacids.

What is heartburn caused by

When the acid from the stomach acid and contents rise into the oesophagus

What is the definition of a hypothesis

A prediction of what you think is going to happen in the reaction

What is the definition of an independent variable

What you are going to change

What is the definition of a dependent variable

What you are going to measure

What is the definition of a controlled variable

What you will keep the same